View source for Sanionia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sanionia
|accepted_authority=Loeske
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Hedwigia
|place=46: 309. 1907
|year=1907
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Amblystegiaceae;Sanionia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Amblystegiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sanionia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Carl Gustav Sanio, 1832–1891, German botanist
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 263, 264, 298, 307, 309, 654
|treatment_page=page 306
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>small to large, green or yellowish green. <b>Stems</b> pinnate ± in one plane or irregularly branched to almost unbranched; hyalodermis present, central strand present; paraphyllia absent; rhizoids or rhizoid initials on stem or abaxial costa insertion, rarely forming tomentum, slightly branched, smooth; axillary hair distal cells 1–8, hyaline. <b>Stem</b> leaves crowded, circinate, falcate, or almost straight, lanceolate, plicate or rarely not, 0.3–1.7 mm wide; base not or hardly decurrent; margins sometimes incurved proximally, plane or recurved distally, finely denticulate or entire proximally, very finely to strongly denticulate distally, limbidia absent; apex acuminate to very long-acuminate; costa single, ending in acumen; alar cells differentiated, short- to long-rectangular, inflated, hyaline, region transversely triangular or ± isodiametric; medial laminal cells linear; marginal cells 1-stratose. <b>Sexual</b> condition autoicous. <b>Capsule</b> horizontal, erect, or inclined, cylindric or short-cylindric, curved to straight; peristome perfect or specialized; exostome teeth margins dentate distally; endostome cilia well developed, rudimentary, or absent. <b>Spores</b> 10–21 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia;Antarctica.
|discussion=<p>Species 4 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Sanionia</i> is characterized by its well-developed hyalodermis, plicate leaves, hyaline, thin-walled, inflated alar cells forming a transversely triangular or ± isodiametric group, sometimes prorate distal cell ends on the abaxial lamina, and, except in the strongly specialized <i>S. nivalis</i>, very long-acuminate inner perichaetial leaves. Except for <i>S. nivalis</i>, the species generally occur in drier habitats than members of, for example, <i>Drepanocladus</i>, <i>Scorpidium</i>, or <i>Warnstorfia</i>. The other members of the traditional, widely circumscribed genus <i>Drepanocladus</i> in the broad sense that are most closely related to <i>Sanionia</i> are now placed in <i>Drepanocladus</i> and <i>Pseudocalliergon</i>; the latter two genera lack a hyalodermis, have 1–3 rather than 1–8 distal cells of the axillary hairs, and have generally non-plicate rather than plicate leaves. However, because some small phenotypes of <i>Sanionia</i> may also have nearly to entirely non-plicate leaves, the last character should be used with caution. The structures of the alar regions are different, and the exostome margins are more weakly dentate than in <i>S. uncinata</i>, which is the only <i>Sanionia</i> species with an unspecialized peristome. Features separating <i>Sanionia</i> from <i>Hamatocaulis</i>, <i>Loeskypnum</i>, <i>Sarmentypnum</i>, <i>Scorpidium</i>, or <i>Warnstorfia</i> are pointed out in the discussion of 61. Calliergonaceae.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stem leaf apices acuminate to long-acuminate; margins strongly denticulate distally; alar regions ± isodiametric, transition to supra-alar cells gradual, supra-alar cells rectangular or long-rectangular, ± echlorophyllose; endostome strongly perforated all over; perichaetial inner leaves ± suddenly narrowed to apex, margins strongly denticulate to dentate distally.
|[[Sanionia nivalis|Sanionia nivalis]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stem leaf apices long- to very long-acuminate; margins finely denticulate to denticulate distally; alar regions transversely triangular, transition to supra-alar cells sudden, supra-alar cells quadrate to rectangular, chlorophyllose; endostome perforated only along midline of processes; perichaetial inner leaves gradually narrowed to apex, margins finely denticulate to denticulate distally
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stem leaf supra-alar cell walls slightly or strongly incrassate, porose, regions equal in size to or larger than alar region; stem leaf costae in bottom of deep, narrow-angled fold; endostome in recently dehisced capsules strongly yellow, basal membrane 20-30% endostome height.
|[[Sanionia orthothecioides|Sanionia orthothecioides]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stem leaf supra-alar cell walls thin or slightly incrassate, eporose, regions equal in size to or smaller than alar region; stem leaf costae in bottom of shallow, wide-angled fold (or not in fold); endostome in recently dehisced capsules pale, brownish to yellowish, or strongly yellow, basal membrane 25-45% total endostome height
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Endostome in recently dehisced capsules pale, brownish to yellowish, basal membrane 36-45% total endostome height, cilia well developed; capsules horizontal or rarely erect to inclined.
|[[Sanionia uncinata|Sanionia uncinata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Endostome in recently dehisced capsules strongly yellow, basal membrane 25-33% total endostome height, cilia rudimentary; capsules erect or slightly inclined.
|[[Sanionia symmetrica|Sanionia symmetrica]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sanionia
|author=Lars Hedenäs
|authority=Loeske
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Amblystegiaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia;Antarctica.
|reference=None
|publication title=Hedwigia
|publication year=1907
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V28/V28_479.xml
|genus=Sanionia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Amblystegiaceae]]