View source for Niphotrichum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Niphotrichum
|accepted_authority=(Bednarek-Ochyra) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra in R. Ochyra et al.
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in R. Ochyra et al., Cens. Cat. Polish Mosses,
|place=137. 2003,
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Racomitrium subg. Niphotrichum
|authority=Bednarek-Ochyra
|publication_title=Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Ser. Polon.
|publication_place=2: 70. 1995
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Grimmiaceae;Niphotrichum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Grimmiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Niphotrichum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek nipha, snow, and trichos, hair, alluding to hoary appearance owing to hyaline hair-pointed leaves
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 204, 267, 286, 293, 294
|treatment_page=page 285
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>small, moderately sized to large, loosely to densely caespitose or forming extensive mats or patches, green, yellow- to grayish green or yellow-brown, sometimes olive with rusty-red tinge, often hoary when dry. <b>Stems</b> creeping, procumbent to ± erect, irregularly to pinnately, sparingly to copiously branched, often with numerous, short tuft-like branches. <b>Leaves</b> erect-appressed when dry, erect-spreading to squarrose when moist, ovate, elliptical, ovate-lanceolate, triangular, to lanceolate, obtusely to sharply keeled or broadly canaliculate distally; margins 1-stratose throughout, recurved on both sides to mid leaf or to apex; apices long- to broadly short-acuminate, sometimes muticous, usually awned, awn stout to capillaceous, straight, flexuose, or reflexed, not or decurrent, smooth or denticulate, papillose or epapillose; costa single, ending in mid leaf to percurrent, entire or branched distally, strongly flattened abaxially, 2-stratose throughout or 3-stratose in the base; basal laminal cells elongate to linear, sinuose-nodulose; alar cells mostly enlarged, thin-walled, hyaline to yellowish, forming somewhat inflated and decurrent auricles; supra-alar cells hyaline or yellowish, quadrate to rectangular, not sinuose or sinuose, epapillose, thin- or thick-walled, often forming a distinct or indistinct pellucid border; medial and distal laminal cells 1-stratose, subquadrate, to short-rectangular, sinuose, with tall, stout, conical papillae over lumina on both surfaces. <b>Perichaetial</b> leaves differentiated, hyaline or yellowish, obtuse to acute, sometimes piliferous. <b>Seta</b> yellowish to blackish red, erect, sinistrorse when dry, smooth. <b>Capsule</b> narrowly ellipsoid, obloid to cylindric, smooth to somewhat sulcate when dry; annulus tardily deciduous, 2–3-seriate; operculum very long-subulate, straight; peristome teeth nearly as long as the urn or longer, red-brown, divided almost to the base into 2 or rarely 3 linear-subulate, densely papillose branches. <b>Calyptra</b> verrucose distally. <b>Spores</b> globose, finely papillose.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Europe;arctic and temperate Asia;Atlantic Islands (Azores;Iceland;Madeira).
|discussion=<p>Species 8 (6 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Niphotrichum</i> comprises species from the traditionally conceived genus <i>Racomitrium</i> centered around <i>R. canescens</i>. It is characterized by strongly papillose laminal cells with tall conical papillae that are situated over the lumina. This type of papillosity is common, for example, in the <i>Pottiaceae</i> but is unique in the <i>Grimmiaceae</i>. This exceptional diagnostic character is coupled with very long peristome teeth that are regularly cleft to the base into 2–3 filiform segments, and hyaline or yellowish hyaline and thin-walled alar cells that form convex and often decurrent auricles. Moreover, species of this genus possess massive, papillose, and denticulate awns; costae forked or branched at the tip, ending at mid leaf or extending to the leaf apex; triangular, elliptic, or broadly ovate-lanceolate leaves; innermost perichaetial leaves hyaline, sheathing, and sometimes pilose; setae smooth, sinistrorse on drying; operculum with a subulate beak as long as the urn or longer; and capsules often plicate when dry.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves obtusely keeled to broadly canaliculate in the distal part, elliptical to broadly ovate-lanceolate; costa mostly distinctly branched, extending 1/2-3/4 of the way up the leaf; papillae tending to be relatively large and conspicuous in the distal part of the leaf lamina.
|[[Niphotrichum sect. Niphotrichum|Niphotrichum sect. Niphotrichum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves sharply keeled to narrowly canaliculate in the distal part, ovate-lanceolate to triangular; costa mostly unbranched, extending 3/4 of the way up the leaf to percurrent; papillae tending to be relatively small and inconspicuous in the distal part of the leaf lamina.
|[[Niphotrichum sect. Elongata|Niphotrichum sect. Elongata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Niphotrichum
|author=Ryszard Ochyra;Halina Bednarek-Ochyra
|authority=(Bednarek-Ochyra) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra in R. Ochyra et al.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Racomitrium subg. Niphotrichum
|family=Grimmiaceae
|distribution=North America;Europe;arctic and temperate Asia;Atlantic Islands (Azores;Iceland;Madeira).
|reference=None
|publication title=in R. Ochyra et al., Cens. Cat. Polish Mosses,
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V27/V27_391.xml
|genus=Niphotrichum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Grimmiaceae]]