View source for Schizachyrium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Schizachyrium
|accepted_authority=Nees
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae;Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae;Schizachyrium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Schizachyrium]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 666
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial; cespitose or rhizomatous, sometimes both cespitose and shortly rhizomatous. <b>Culms</b> 7-210 cm, branched above the bases, often purplish near the nodes. <b>Leaves</b> not aromatic, sheaths open; auricles usually absent; ligules membranous; blades flat, folded, or involute, those of the uppermost leaves often greatly reduced. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary and terminal, of 1, rarely 2, rames, peduncles subtended by a modified leaf; rames not reflexed, with spikelets in heterogamous sessile-pedicellate spikelet pairs, internodes more or less flattened, filiform to clavate, without a median groove, apices cupulate or fimbriate; disarticulation in the rame axes, below the sessile spikelets. <b>Spikelets</b> somewhat dorsiventrally compressed. <b>Sessile</b> spikelets with 2 florets; glumes exceeding the florets, lanceolate to linear, membranous; lower glumes enclosing the upper glumes, convex, weakly 2-keeled, with several (sometimes inconspicuous) intercostal veins; lower florets reduced to hyaline lemmas; upper florets bisexual, lemmas hyaline, bilobed or bifid to 7/8 of their length (rarely entire), awned from the sinuses; anthers 3. <b>Pedicels</b> free of the rame axes, usually pubescent. <b>Pedicellate</b> spikelets usually shorter than to as long as the sessile spikelets, occasionally longer, sterile or staminate, with 1 floret, often disarticulating as the rame matures; lemmas present in staminate spikelets, hyaline, unawned or with a straight awn of less than 10 mm. <b>x</b> = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Minn.;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Fla.;Pa.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Ariz.;N.Mex.;Kans.;Mo.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Wyo.;Tenn.;Ind.;Tex.;La.;N.C.;S.C.;Ill.;Ohio;Miss.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Virgin Islands;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ga.;Iowa;Idaho;Md.;Utah;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Mich.;Mont.;Ky.
|discussion=<p><i>Schizachyrium</i> is a genus of approximately 60 species that are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world; nine are native to the Flora region. In North America, the best known species is <i>S. scoparium</i>, which was one of the major constituents of the grasslands that used to cover the central plains. Hitchcock (1951) included both <i>Schizachyrium</i> and <i>Bothriochloa</i> in <i>Andropogon</i>. Most species of <i>Schizachyrium</i> differ from species of the other two genera in having only one rame per peduncle, but <i>S. spadiceum</i> has two. More reliable, but less conspicuous distinguishing features of <i>Schizachyrium</i> are the cupulate tips of the rame internodes, the convex lower glumes, and the presence of veins between the keels of the lower glumes. A few species of <i>Andropogon</i> have solitary rames, but they do not have these other features.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=bruner1987a
|text=Bruner, J.L. 1987. Systematics of the Schizacbyrium scoparium (Poaceae) complex in North America. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. 167 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=gandhi1989a
|text=Gandhi, K.N. 1989. A biosystematic study of the Schizacbyrium scoparium complex. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A. 188 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=grelen1974a
|text=Grelen, H.E. 1974. Pinehills bluestem, Andropogon scoparius Anderss. ex Hack., an anomaly of the A. scoparius complex. Amer. Midi. Naturalist 91:438-144
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hatch1975a
|text=Hatch, S.L. 1975. A biosystematic study of the Schizacbyrium cirratum-Schizachyrium sanguineum complex (Poaceae). Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A. 112 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hitchcock1951d
|text=Hitchcock, A.S. 1951 [title page 1950]. Manual of the Grasses of the United States, ed. 2, rev. A. Chase. U.S.D.A. Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wipff1996a
|text=Wipff, J.K. 1996. Nomenclatural combinations in Schizacbyrium (Poaceae: Andropogoneae). Phytologia 80:35-39.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Peduncles with 2 rames
|[[Schizachyrium spadiceum|Schizachyrium spadiceum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Peduncles with only 1 rame.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades 0.5-2 mm wide, with a longitudinal stripe of white, spongy tissue (formed of bulliform cells) on their adaxial surfaces; plants cespitose; pedicellate spikelets about as long as the sessile spikelets
|[[Schizachyrium tenerum|Schizachyrium tenerum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades (1)1.5-9 mm wide, without a longitudinal stripe of white, spongy tissue on their adaxial surfaces; plants cespitose or rhizomatous; pedicellate spikelets equal to or smaller than the sessile spikelets.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Plants rooting and branching at the lower nodes and at aerial nodes in contact with the soil; leaf collars usually elongate and narrow; plants of sandy coastal habitats.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Ligules 0.5-1 mm long, pedicellate spikelets 4.5-8.5 mm long
|[[Schizachyrium maritimum|Schizachyrium maritimum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Ligules 1.5-2 mm long, pedicellate spikelets 1.5-5 mm long
|[[Schizachyrium littorale|Schizachyrium littorale]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Plants not rooting or branching at the lower nodes; leaf collars neither elongate nor particularly narrow; plants of varied habitats.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Pedicel bases 0.2-0.5 mm wide, gradually widening to 0.3-1 mm distally, straight, often somewhat stiff, not tending to curve outward; rames appearing linear.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Pedicellate spikelets 6-8 mm long, about as long as the sessile spikelets, usually staminate, sometimes sterile, unawned
|[[Schizachyrium cirratum|Schizachyrium cirratum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Pedicellate spikelets 0.7-10 mm long, usually shorter than the sessile spikelets, sterile, unawned or awned, the awns up to 6 mm long.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Upper lemmas cleft for 2/3 - 7/8 of their length; lower glumes glabrous or pubescent
|[[Schizachyrium sanguineum|Schizachyrium sanguineum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Upper lemmas cleft for up to 1/2 of their length; lower glumes glabrous
|[[Schizachyrium scoparium|Schizachyrium scoparium]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Pedicel bases 0.1-0.2 mm wide, flaring above midlength to about 0.5 mm wide, tending to curve outward; rames appearing somewhat open.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Upper lemmas indurate at the base, cleft 3/4 - 7/8 of their length; leaf blades 2.5-10 cm long; pedicellate spikelets 0.5-2 mm long; plants cespitose; known only from peninsular Florida
|[[Schizachyrium niveum|Schizachyrium niveum]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Upper lemmas membranous at the base, cleft for up to 1/2 of their length; leaf blades 7-105 cm long; pedicellate spikelets 0.7-10 mm long; plants cespitose or not; widespread, including Florida.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Plants cespitose, not or shortly rhizomatous
|[[Schizachyrium scoparium|Schizachyrium scoparium]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Plants not cespitose, strongly rhizomatous.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Pedicellate spikelets awned, awns to 4 mm; leaf blades usually 3.5-9 mm wide; culms usually 1-3 mm thick; plants of sandy soils
|[[Schizachyrium scoparium|Schizachyrium scoparium]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Pedicellate spikelets unawned or the awns less than 1 mm; leaf blades 1-3 mm wide; culms usually less than 1 mm thick; plants of oolitic soil
|[[Schizachyrium rhizomatum|Schizachyrium rhizomatum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Schizachyrium
|author=J.K. Wipff;
|authority=Nees
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Minn.;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Fla.;Pa.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Ariz.;N.Mex.;Kans.;Mo.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Wyo.;Tenn.;Ind.;Tex.;La.;N.C.;S.C.;Ill.;Ohio;Miss.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Virgin Islands;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ga.;Iowa;Idaho;Md.;Utah;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Mich.;Mont.;Ky.
|reference=bruner1987a;gandhi1989a;grelen1974a;hatch1975a;hitchcock1951d;wipff1996a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_1604.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae
|genus=Schizachyrium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]