View source for Sorghum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sorghum
|accepted_authority=Moench
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae;Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae;Sorghum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sorghum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 626
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial. <b>Culms</b> 50-500+ cm; internodes solid. <b>Leaves</b> not aromatic, basal and cauline; auricles absent; ligules membranous and ciliate or of hairs; blades usually flat. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, panicles with evident rachises; primary branches whorled, compound, the ultimate units rames; rames with most spikelets in heterogamous sessile-pedicellate spikelet pairs, terminal spikelet unit on each rame usually a triplet of 1 sessile and 2 pedicellate spikelets, rame axes without a translucent median line; disarticulation in the rames below the sessile spikelets, sometimes also below the pedicellate spikelets (cultivated taxa not or only tardily disarticulating). <b>Sessile</b> spikelets dorsally compressed, calluses blunt or pointed; lower glumes dorsally compressed and rounded basally, 2-keeled or winged distally, 5-15-veined, usually unawned; upper glumes 2-keeled, sometimes awned; lower florets reduced to hyaline lemmas; upper florets pistillate or bisexual, lemmas hyaline, sometimes awned. <b>Pedicels</b> slender, neither appressed nor fused to the rame axes. <b>Pedicellate</b> spikelets staminate or sterile, well-developed, often subequal to the sessile spikelets in size, x = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;W.Va.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Ont.;Que.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Fla.;Puerto Rico;N.Mex.;Mass.;R.I.;La.;Mich.;Nebr.;Nev.;S.Dak.;N.Dak.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;N.H.;Vt.;Calif.;Miss.;Va.;Colo.;Virgin Islands;Ala.;Kans.;Okla.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Maine;Md.;Tex.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Ky.
|discussion=<p>Most of the approximately 25 species of <i>Sorghum</i> are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, but one is native to Mexico. Two have been introduced into the Flora region. Some species are grown as forage, although they produce cyanogenic compounds. <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> is widely cultivated, being used as a grain, for syrup, and as a flavoring for beer.</p><!--
--><p>Spangler (2000) found, using ndhF data, that <i>Sorghum</i> is polyphyletic, forming two distinct clades. The two species treated here were in the same clade. He found <i>Microstegium</i> and <i>Miscanthus</i> to be more closely related to <i>Sorghum</i> than <i>Sorghastrum</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=clayton1982a
|text=Clayton, W.D. and S.A Renvoize. 1982. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Gramineae (Part 3). A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 448 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=de1978a
|text=de Wet, J.M.J. 1978. Systematics and evolution of Sorghum sect. Sorghum (Gramineae). Amer. J. Bot. 65:477-484
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dillon2001a
|text=Dillon, S.L., P.K. Lawrence, and R.J. Henry. 2001. The use of ribosomal ITS to determine phylogenetic relationships within Sorghum. PL Syst. Evol. 230:97-110
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=harlan1972a
|text=Harlan, J.R. and J.M.J, de Wet. 1972. Sources of variation in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Crop Sci. 12:172-176
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=harlan1976a
|text=Harlan, J.R., J.M.J, de Wet, and A.B.L. Stemler (eds.). 1976. Origins of African Plant Domestication. Mouton Press, The Hague, The Netherlands. 498 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=r2000a
|text=Spangler. R.E. 2000. Andropogoneae systematics and generic limits in Sorghum. Pp. 167-170 in S.W.L. Jacobs and J. Everett (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution (3rd:1998). CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. 408 pp.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants perennial, rhizomatous; spikelets disarticulating at maturity; caryopses not exposed at maturity
|[[Sorghum halepense|Sorghum halepense]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants usually annual, sometimes short-lived perennials; spikelets either not disarticulating or doing so tardily; caryopses often exposed at maturity
|[[Sorghum bicolor|Sorghum bicolor]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sorghum
|author=Mary E. Barkworth;
|authority=Moench
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;W.Va.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Ont.;Que.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Fla.;Puerto Rico;N.Mex.;Mass.;R.I.;La.;Mich.;Nebr.;Nev.;S.Dak.;N.Dak.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;N.H.;Vt.;Calif.;Miss.;Va.;Colo.;Virgin Islands;Ala.;Kans.;Okla.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Maine;Md.;Tex.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Ky.
|reference=clayton1982a;de1978a;dillon2001a;harlan1972a;harlan1976a;r2000a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_1529.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae
|genus=Sorghum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]