View source for Coreopsis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Coreopsis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 907. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 388. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae;Coreopsis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Coreopsis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek korios, bedbug, and -opsis, resembling, alluding to cypselae of original species
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 51, 184
|treatment_page=page 185
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–80(–200+) cm (often rhizomatous or with cormiform bases, stoloniferous in <i>C. auriculata</i>). <b>Stems</b> usually 1, erect, branched distally or ± throughout. <b>Leaves</b> basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; opposite or alternate or both; petiolate or sessile; blades simple and entire (dentate in <i>C. latifolia</i>), or ± pinnately or pedately lobed, faces glabrous or hairy. <b>Heads</b> radiate, borne singly or in open, ± corymbiform arrays. <b>Calyculi</b> of (3–)8+, distinct, ± herbaceous bractlets. <b>Involucres</b> ± globose to cylindric, 4–25+ mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> usually ± 8 in ± 2 series (usually distinct, rarely connate ± 1/10 their lengths, mostly oblong to linear, ± membranous, margins ± scarious). <b>Receptacles</b> flat to convex, paleate; paleae falling, ovate to linear or subulate, ± flat, ± scarious (not adnate to and not falling with cypselae except in <i>C. bigelovii</i>). <b>Ray</b> florets mostly (5–)8(–12+, more in “double” cultivars), neuter, or styliferous and sterile, or pistillate and fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes red-brown to purple proximally, sometimes wholly purple or pink to white. <b>Disc</b> florets 8–150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes red-brown to purple at tips or throughout, tubes equaling or shorter than narrowly funnelform throats, lobes 4 or 5 (adaxial sinus seldom deeper than others). <b>Cypselae</b> obcompressed, ± orbiculate to ovate, oblong, or linear, usually thin-margined or winged, wings membranous to chartaceous or corky, entire or lobed to toothed, sometimes ciliolate; faces smooth or ± papillate to tuberculate; pappi 0, or persistent, of 2 bristly cusps or scales (sometimes pappi 0 and shoulders of cypsela wings ± bristly, pappus-like). <b>x</b> = 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly temperate North America;also tropical New World and Old World. Early leaves of some coreopsises often differ from later leaves on individual plants.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 35 (28 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Early leaves of some coreopsises often differ from later leaves on individual plants. In such plants, early (proximal) leaves may be 1–3-pinnately or pedately lobed and 12–25+ cm long with 9–15+ orbiculate to lanceolate, linear, or filiform lobes and contrast markedly with later (distal) leaves 1–3 cm that are undivided or have 3–5+ lanceolate to linear or filiform lobes.</p><!--
--><p>Cultivars (often “doubles” with multiple series of “ray” florets) derived from <i>Coreopsis auriculata</i>, <i>C. grandiflora</i>, <i>C. lanceolata</i>, and <i>C. tinctoria</i> are grown in public and residential gardens and are grown commercially for cut flowers.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=jansen1987a
|text=Jansen, R. K., E. B. Smith, and D. J. Crawford. 1987. A cladistic study of North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 157: 73–84.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=smith1976b
|text=Smith, E. B. 1976. A biosystematic survey of Coreopsis in eastern United States and Canada. Sida 6: 123–215.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=smith1984a
|text=Smith, E. B. 1984. Biosystematic study and typification of the Californian Coreopsis (Compositae) sections Tuckermannia, Pugiopappus, and Euleptosyne. Sida 10: 276–289.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray florets usually pistillate and fertile, sometimes styliferous and sterile
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray florets neuter (without styles)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs; ray laminae ± elliptic to oblong, broadest at or near middles
|[[Coreopsis sect. Tuckermannia|Coreopsis sect. Tuckermannia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Annuals; ray laminae obovate to ± flabellate, broadest distal to middles
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cypselae of disc florets ciliolate; pappi of 2 lanceolate to subulate scales
|[[Coreopsis sect. Pugiopappus|Coreopsis sect. Pugiopappus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cypselae of disc florets not ciliolate; pappi 0 or coroniform (0.1–0.2 mm)
|[[Coreopsis sect. Leptosyne|Coreopsis sect. Leptosyne]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades usually not lobed, rarely with 1–2 auricles at bases (margins dentate); rayflorets 4–5; disc florets 10–15+
|[[Coreopsis sect. Silphidium|Coreopsis sect. Silphidium]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades sometimes lobed (ultimate margins not dentate); ray florets (5–)8(–13; more in "double" cultivars); disc florets 30–150+
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Disc corolla lobes 5; style-branch apices usually ± penicillate, sometimes short-conic or truncate-mucronate
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Disc corolla lobes 4; style-branch apices ± truncate
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Ray laminae ± oblong-elliptic to suborbiculate, broadest at or near middles; paleae usually linear to subulate, often distally dilated
|[[Coreopsis sect. Gyrophyllum|Coreopsis sect. Gyrophyllum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Ray laminae ± cuneate, broadest distal to middles; paleae basally ± lanceolate to linear, distally attenuate (± filiform)
|[[Coreopsis sect. Coreopsis|Coreopsis sect. Coreopsis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades sometimes with 1–2 lateral lobes; cypselae sometimes winged, wings ± pectinate or toothed
|[[Coreopsis sect. Eublepharis|Coreopsis sect. Eublepharis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades usually 1–2(–3)-pinnately lobed; cypselae sometimes winged, wingsentire
|[[Coreopsis sect. Calliopsis|Coreopsis sect. Calliopsis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Coreopsis
|author=John L. Strother
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Mostly temperate North America;also tropical New World and Old World. Early leaves of some coreopsises often differ from later leaves on individual plants.
|reference=jansen1987a;smith1976b;smith1984a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_451.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae
|genus=Coreopsis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae]]