View source for Microseris

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Microseris
|accepted_authority=D. Don
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem.
|place=11: 388. 1832
|year=1832
}}
|common_names=Silverpuffs
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Apargidium
|authority=Torrey & A. Gray
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Calaïs
|authority=de Candolle
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Scorzonella
|authority=Nuttall
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Microseris
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Microseris]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek micro -, small, and seris, endive or chicory
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 217, 218, 322, 335, 343, 346, 374
|treatment_page=page 338
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or perennials, 5–120 cm; taprooted or with caudices (in perennial species; <i>M. borealis</i> rhizomatous). <b>Stems</b> 1–30+, erect, simple or relatively few- to many-branched (naked or leafy proximally and often distally), glabrous or scurfy-pubescent (especially proximal to heads). <b>Leaves</b> mostly basal, cauline 0 or reduced; petiolate (petioles broad to narrow); blades linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate, margins entire, lacerate, dentate, or pinnately lobed (often with narrow rachises and linear lobes; apices acuminate or acute to obtuse, faces glabrous or lightly scurfy-puberulent). <b>Heads</b> borne singly (nodding or inclined in bud, erect in flower and fruit). <b>Peduncles</b> (erect or curved-ascending) not distally inflated, ebracteate (annuals) or leafy (perennials except <i>M. borealis</i>). <b>Calyculi</b> 0 (outer phyllaries forming calyculiform series in annuals). <b>Involucres</b> fusiform, ovoid, globose, or campanulate, 3–30 mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> 5–40 in 3–5 series, unequal (outer usually shorter, ± deltate, inner ± lanceolate), herbaceous (midveins often thickened; abaxial faces glabrous or scurfy-puberulent, sometimes black-villous, often adaxially black-villous and minutely white-strigillose). <b>Receptacles</b> flat to low-convex, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. <b>Florets</b> 5–300; corollas yellow to orange or white, outer often purplish abaxially. <b>Cypselae</b> gray to brown or purplish, sometimes purplish-spotted, columnar, obconic, or fusiform (basal callosities knoblike), apices truncate, ribs 10–15, smooth or scabrous (white-villous on marginal cypselae in some species); pappi persistent, usually of 5–30, silvery to yellowish, brownish, or blackish aristate scales (often reduced to 0–4 in <i>M. douglasii</i>, of 24–48 bristles in <i>M. borealis</i>), scale bodies deltate, lanceolate, oblong, ovate, orbiculate, or linear, apices obtuse to acute or lacerate, faces glabrous or villous, aristae barbellulate to barbellate or plumose. <b>x</b> = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America;South America;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 14 (11 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>A broad circumscription of <i>Microseris</i>, including Apargidium and excluding <i>Nothocalaïs</i>, has usually been accepted (e.g., K. L. Chambers 1955, 1960). Recently, molecular data have led to reinstatement of the monotypic genus <i>Uropappus</i> and separation of two other species as the allotetraploid genus <i>Stebbinsoseris</i> (R. K. Jansen et al. 1991b; Chambers 1993c). A large body of literature has resulted from use of <i>Microseris</i> as a model genetic system by K. Bachmann and colleagues (e.g., Bachmann et al. 1979; Bachmann 1992; Bachmann and J. Battjes 1994). Differences in the diploid DNA amount within and between species have been studied by H. J. Price and colleagues (Price and Bachmann 1975; Price et al. 1981, 1983). Additional genetic studies, not referenced here, have involved three species from Australia, New Zealand, and Chile, widely disjunct from the main center of distribution in western North America. Ten of the species are diploid (2n = 18); the four tetraploid species (2n = 36) are of alloploid origin. The nine North American perennial taxa are closely related and mostly allopatric, occupying different habitats or climatic zones. The five annual species, which sometimes occur in sympatric clusters, are difficult to distinguish without the presence of cypselae.</p><!--
--><p>In keys and descriptions, measurements of pappus scales exclude aristae.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=chambers1955a
|text=Chambers, K. L. 1955. A biosystematic study of the annual species of Microseris. Contr. Dudley Herb. 4: 207–312.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perennials (usually caulescent); outer phyllaries shorter than to nearly equaling inner; corollas yellow, surpassing phyllaries by 5+ mm; pappi usually of 5–30 scales (24–48 bristles in M. borealis)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Annuals (acaulous); outer phyllaries notably shorter than inner (forming calyculiform series); corollas yellow, white, or orange, equaling or surpassing phyllaries by 1–3 mm; pappi of 5 aristate scales (0–5 in M. douglasii)
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants rhizomatous; leaves entire or remotely denticulate; pappi of 24–48, brownish bristles; principally in coastal and montane sphagnum bogs
|[[Microseris borealis|Microseris borealis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants taprooted; leaves entire or toothed to lacerate or pinnately lobed; pappi of 5– 30, aristate scales; marshes, fields, pastures, hillsides, brushlands, and woodlands
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Pappi of 15–30, silvery, aristate scales, aristae plumose; widespread
|[[Microseris nutans|Microseris nutans]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Pappi 5–24, silvery to dull yellowish or brownish, aristate scales, aristae barbellulate or barbellate to subplumose; Pacific Coast states
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Pappus scales 4–10 mm, aristae barbellate or subplumose
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Pappus scales 0.5–4 mm (3–6 mm in
|[[Microseris howellii)|Microseris howellii)]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems branched or simple (usually leafy proximal to midstems); phyllary apices recurved; pappi of 5–10 dull, yellowish brown, aristate scales; c California
|[[Microseris sylvatica|Microseris sylvatica]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems simple (leafy proximally); phyllary apices erect; pappi of 9–15, silvery to dull white, aristate scales; s Jackson County, Oregon, adjacent California
|[[Microseris laciniata|Microseris laciniata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Outer phyllaries often purple-spotted, ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 2.5–9 mm wide, apices acute to cuspidate, faces usually glabrous
|[[Microseris laciniata|Microseris laciniata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Outer phyllaries not or rarely purple-spotted, linear, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.5–2.5 mm wide, apices acute to acuminate, faces often scurfy-pubescent, sometimes black-villous
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Pappi of 8–24, white, aristate scales, aristae barbellate; Klamath Moun- tains, Oregon, California
|[[Microseris laciniata|Microseris laciniata]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Pappi of 5–10, usually white, aristate scales, aristae barbellulate (or pappi brownish and aristae barbellate)
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Pappi dull yellowish brown, aristae barbellate; phyllaries usually black-villous abaxially; coastal c California
|[[Microseris paludosa|Microseris paludosa]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Pappi white, aristae usually barbellulate, rarely barbellate; phyllaries sometimes black-villous abaxially
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pappus scales 3–6 mm; Klamath Mountains, Oregon
|[[Microseris howellii|Microseris howellii]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pappus scales 0.5–2.5 mm; Klamath Mountains, Coast Ranges, Oregon, n California
|[[Microseris laciniata|Microseris laciniata]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Pappus scales linear-lanceolate, 4–11 mm, margins scarcely involute, midveins stout, 1/5–1/3 widths of bodies, aristae barbellate; principally Sacramento Valley, California, and surrounding foothills
|[[Microseris acuminata|Microseris acuminata]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Pappus scales lanceolate, ovate, or orbiculate to deltate, 0.2–7 mm if more than 4 mm, lanceolate to ovate and margins distinctly involute, midveins tapering from thickened base or linear, less than 1/5 widths of bodies, aristae barbellate to barbellulate; Sacramento Valley and elsewhere
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Cypselae usually 1.5–3 mm
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Cypselae usually 3–10 mm
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Cypselae columnar to obconic
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Cypselae truncate-fusiform (tapering proximally, widest beyond middles, slightly narrowed distally)
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Pappus scales 2–7 mm, involute, aristae stout, barbellate; sw California, n Baja California
|[[Microseris douglasii|Microseris douglasii]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Pappus scales 0.5–2.5 mm, scarcely involute, aristae fine, barbellulate; n Baja California northward
|[[Microseris elegans|Microseris elegans]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Pappus scales 5, 1–4 mm, aristae fine, barbellulate; strictly coastal, c California to British Columbia
|[[Microseris bigelovii|Microseris bigelovii]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Pappus scales 0–5, 0.5–1 mm, aristae ± stout, barbellate; coastal and else- where, sw to c California
|[[Microseris douglasii|Microseris douglasii]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Pappus scales 0.5–1 mm
|[[Microseris douglasii|Microseris douglasii]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Pappus scales 1–7 mm
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Pappus scales plane or slightly curved, arcuate only at bases, 1–4 mm, margins not involute, midveins linear, thicker only at bases; strictly coastal, c California to British Columbia
|[[Microseris bigelovii|Microseris bigelovii]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Pappus scales ± arcuate throughout, 1–7 mm, margins ± involute, midveins tapering distally from thick bases; absent from immediate coastal area of c California
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Pappus scales 5, glabrous, usually white, rarely brownish, margins plane or slightly involute, aristae barbellulate proximally, barbellate distally; San Joaquin Valley, surrounding foothills, California
|[[Microseris campestris|Microseris campestris]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Pappus scales 0–5, often villous, light to dark, margins usually distinctly involute, aristae wholly barbellate; widespread
|[[Microseris douglasii|Microseris douglasii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Microseris
|author=Kenton L. Chambers
|authority=D. Don
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Apargidium;Calaïs;Scorzonella
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|distribution=w North America;South America;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|reference=chambers1955a
|publication title=Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem.
|publication year=1832
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_521.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|genus=Microseris
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]