View source for Taraxacum scopulorum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Taraxacum scopulorum
|accepted_authority=(A. Gray) Rydberg
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
|place=1: 455. 1900
|year=1900
}}
|common_names=Alpine dandelion
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Taraxacum officinale var. scopulorum
|authority=A. Gray
|publication_title=in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer.
|publication_place=1(2): 440. 1884
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Leontodon scopulorum
|authority=(A. Gray) Rydberg
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Taraxacum;Taraxacum scopulorum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Taraxacum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Taraxacum scopulorum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 242, 244, 251
|treatment_page=page 250
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>1–5 cm; taproots branched. <b>Stems</b> 1–3(–5), ascending to erect, reddish or purplish, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> fewer than 10, horizontal; petioles ± narrowly winged; blades linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate (usually runcinate), (1–)1.5–4 × 0.5–1 cm, bases attenuate, margins lobed regularly, deeply, in 3–5(–7) pairs (occasionally dentate, rarely entire or subentire), lobes triangular, straight or often retrorse (also teeth), acute to acuminate or obtuse, teeth 0 or occasionally 1–3 on lobes (or replacing lobes), apices acuminate, faces glabrous or sparsely arachnoid-villous (particularly young). <b>Calyculi</b> (6–)8–10, appressed to spreading, soon reflexed or revolute (thinner than phyllaries), pruinose, sometimes purplish (particularly adaxially), narrowly to broadly ovate bractlets in (1–)2 series, 2.5–3.8 × 1.8–2.6 mm, margins not to ± scarious proximally, apices acuminate to broadly, shortly caudate, hornless, not callous, tips slightly scarious (purple), entire or slightly erose. <b>Involucres</b> dark to blackish green, pruinose, sometimes purplish, narrowly campanulate to cylindro-campanulate or cylindric, (6–)10–12(–14) mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> 8–12 in 2 series, lanceolate (outer) to ovate (inner), 1.5–3.1 mm wide, margins not scarious (outer) or broadly so, narrowing in distal 1/2 (green zone often darker marginally), apices acuminate, hornless, not callous, entire or tips slightly scarious-erose. <b>Florets</b> (ca. 15–)35–50; corollas yellow (sometimes gray-striped abaxially), 7.5–8.8 × 1.3–2 mm. <b>Cypselae</b> pale reddish brown or reddish-tinged or straw-colored to dark gray, bodies oblanceoloid, 2.8–3.5 mm, cones conic, 0.5–0.6 mm, beaks stout, 2.8–4.5, ribs 7 (wide) to 14 narrow (3–5 prominent), faces proximally smooth to tuberculate, muricate in distal 1/2; pappi white, 4.8–5.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 16? (as pumilum).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer.
|habitat=Dry to moderately drained areas, gravel, sand, silt, clay, with low organic content, ridges, arctic seashores, barrens, flood plains, high alpine tundra (south)
|elevation=40–3400 m
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Colo.;Idaho;Utah;Wyo.
|discussion=<p><i>Taraxacum scopulorum</i> is known from the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago and from high-alpine summits in the western Cordilleras. This small species is characterized by lobed leaves, yellow ligules, and cypselae that are paler and less muricate than those of <i>T. phymatocarpum</i>.</p><!--
--><p>The name <i>Taraxacum</i> lyratum Ledebour has been used for this species since the work of H. Handel-Mazzetti (1907), who annotated the type of <i>T. scopulorum</i> (GH). That type originated from the mountains of central Asia, and in his monograph Handel-Mazzetti included Kamchatka and northern Alaska in its range; I have not seen specimens of the species from Alaska. Also, his concept of T. lyratum seems to include heterogeneous elements, notably what is called here <i>T. alaskanum</i>. At the present time, I prefer to treat this species as restricted to North America, where the name <i>T. scopulorum</i> clearly applies to this very distinct, diminutive dandelion. It appears to be closely related to <i>T. phymatocarpum</i>, but the latter has mostly entire or slightly dentate leaves (some leaves sometimes slightly deltate-lobed), as opposed to the wholly deltate-lobed ones of <i>T. scopulorum</i>. A. E. Porsild (1957) illustrated this species under the name <i>T. pumilum</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Taraxacum scopulorum
|author=
|authority=(A. Gray) Rydberg
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Leontodon scopulorum
|basionyms=Taraxacum officinale var. scopulorum
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering summer.
|habitat=Dry to moderately drained areas, gravel, sand, silt, clay, with low organic content, ridges, arctic seashores, barrens, flood plains, high alpine tundra (south)
|elevation=40–3400 m
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Colo.;Idaho;Utah;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
|publication year=1900
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_329.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|genus=Taraxacum
|species=Taraxacum scopulorum
}}<!--

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