View source for Quercus gambelii

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Quercus gambelii
|accepted_authority=Nuttall
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|place=1(2): 179. 1848
|year=1848
}}
|common_names=Gambel oak
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Variety
|authority=(Nuttall) A. de Candolle
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Variety
|authority=Wenzig
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Species
|authority=C. H. Muller
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Species
|authority=Rydberg
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Species
|authority=Torrey
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Variety
|authority=(Nuttall) Engelmann
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Species
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Fagaceae;Quercus;Quercus sect. Quercus;Quercus gambelii
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fagaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Quercus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Quercus sect. Quercus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Quercus gambelii]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub duration;tree duration;shrub arrangement;shrub orientation;tree size;tree size"><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, deciduous, shrubs sometimes clumped and spreading, trees small or moderately large.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark coloration;bark coloration;bark architecture or pubescence"><b>Bark </b>gray or brown, scaly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="twig coloration;twig coloration;twig diameter;twig pubescence;twig pubescence;lenticel quantity;lenticel prominence"><b>Twigs </b>brown or reddish-brown with few, inconspicuous lenticels, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., glabrous or stellate-pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bud coloration;bud shape;bud some measurement;apex shape;apex shape;apex pubescence;apex pubescence"><b>Buds </b>brown, ovoid, ca. 3 mm, apex acute or obtuse, sparsely pubescent, becoming glabrate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole some measurement"><b>Leaves:</b> petiole 10-20 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade atypical length;leaf-blade atypical length;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade atypical width;leaf-blade atypical width;leaf-blade width;leaf-blade texture;base shape;base shape;base shape;margin shape;margin shape;lobe shape;lobe shape;lobe shape;sinuse shape;sinuse shape;distance quantity;distance quantity;secondary-vein quantity;secondary-vein architecture;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade elliptic to obovate or oblong, deeply to shallowly 4-6-lobed, (40-) 80-120 (-160) × (25-) 40-60 (-100) mm, membranous, base truncate to cuneate, margins entire or coarsely toothed, lobes oblong, rounded or subacute, sinuses acute or narrowly rounded at base, reaching more than 1/2 distance to midrib, secondary-veins 4-6 on each side, each passing into lobe, branched, apex broadly rounded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="surface reflectance;surface coloration;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;hair orientation;secondary-vein prominence;secondary-vein reflectance;secondary-vein coloration;secondary-vein prominence;secondary-vein pubescence;secondary-vein pubescence">surfaces abaxially dull green, sometimes glaucous, densely velvety with erect 4-6-rayed hairs, sometimes glabrate or persistently villous only near midribs, secondary-veins prominent, adaxially lustrous dark green, appearing glabrate, microscopically pubescent, secondary-veins slightly raised.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="acorn arrangement;acorn arrangement;acorn architecture;acorn architecture;peduncle atypical some measurement;peduncle some measurement"><b>Acorns </b>solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 10 (-30) mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="">cup deeply cup-shaped, 5-8(-17) mm deep × 7-15(-25) mm wide, enclosing 1/4-1/2 nut, base round, margin thin, scales closely appressed, ovate, markedly tuberculate, proximally gray-tomentulose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="nut coloration;nut shape;nut shape;nut shape;nut atypical length;nut atypical length;nut length;nut atypical width;nut width">nut light-brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, (8-) 12-15 (-33) × 7-12 (-18) mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="cotyledon fusion"><b>Cotyledons </b>distinct.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering mid-late spring.
|habitat=Montane conifer, oak-maple, and higher margins of pinyon-juniper woodlands
|elevation=1000-3030 m
|distribution=Ariz.;Colo.;Nev.;N.Mex.;Okla.;Tex.;Utah;Wyo.;Mexico (Chihuahua);Mexico (Coahuila);Mexico (and Sonora)
|discussion=<p>Numerous hybrids of Quercus gambelii with various scrub oaks have been reported, including Q. grisea and Q. turbinella. Such hybrids in general have shallowly lobed or dentate, semipersistent leaves and intermediate characteristics of pubescence and fruit between parental types. Such hybrids are usually referred to as the Quercus ×undulata complex because of widespread application of the latter name to various populations.</p><!--
--><p>One population from San Juan County, Utah, with larger fruit but otherwise not differing from typical Quercus gambelii, has been recognized as Q. gambelii var. bonina Welsh. Unless other characters are found to support this segregation, the plants are best not treated as a formal taxon, particularly considering the extensive variation and hybridization associated with Q. gambelii throughout its range.</p><!--
--><p>Numerous putative hybrid swarms occur throughout the range of Quercus gambelii that involve a number of suspected parental species. Most of these populations have, at one time or another, been referred to Quercus undulata Torrey. The putative hybrids have serrate or shallowly lobed leaves and considerable variation in habit, leaf pubescence, and acorn morphology. J. M. Tucker (1961, 1969, 1971) and J. M. Tucker et al. (1961) have identified the major components of the Q. undulata complex as Q. turbinella (western Utah and northwestern Arizona, and central Colorado), Q. grisea (New Mexico and southern Colorado), Q. havardii (southeastern Utah and northwestern Arizona), Q. mohriana (northeastern and southern New Mexico), Q. arizonica (central Arizona), and Q. muhlenbergii (eastern and central New Mexico). Quercus macrocarpa has been implicated as a parent of variable populations in New Mexico (J. M. Tucker and J. R. Maze 1966). Because of the complex variability in these populations, no effort has been made to treat them separately here; indeed, it would be impossible to produce usable keys if these were included as formal taxa.</p><!--
--><p>Hybrids derived from Quercus gambelii and an evergreen species are often semideciduous, retaining a variable portion of green or brownish leaves over the winter.</p><!--
--><p>Quercus gambelii was used medicinally by the Navaho-Ramah to alleviate postpartum pain, as a cathartic, as a ceremonial emetic, and as a life medicine (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Quercus gambelii
|author=
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Variety;Variety;Species;Species;Species;Variety;Species
|basionyms=
|family=Fagaceae
|phenology=Flowering mid-late spring.
|habitat=Montane conifer, oak-maple, and higher margins of pinyon-juniper woodlands
|elevation=1000-3030 m
|distribution=Ariz.;Colo.;Nev.;N.Mex.;Okla.;Tex.;Utah;Wyo.;Mexico (Chihuahua);Mexico (Coahuila);Mexico (and Sonora)
|reference=None
|publication title=J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|publication year=1848
|special status=Selected by author to be illustrated;Weedy
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_837.xml
|genus=Quercus
|section=Quercus sect. Quercus
|species=Quercus gambelii
|acorn architecture=on peduncle;subsessile
|acorn arrangement=paired;solitary
|apex pubescence=glabrate;pubescent
|apex shape=rounded;obtuse;acute
|bark architecture or pubescence=scaly
|bark coloration=brown;gray
|base shape=truncate;cuneate
|bud coloration=brown
|bud shape=ovoid
|bud some measurement=3
|cotyledon fusion=distinct
|distance quantity=/2;1
|hair orientation=erect
|leaf-blade atypical length=120mm;160mm
|leaf-blade atypical width=60mm;100mm
|leaf-blade length=80mm;120mm
|leaf-blade shape=elliptic;obovate or oblong
|leaf-blade texture=membranous
|leaf-blade width=40mm;60mm
|lenticel prominence=inconspicuous
|lenticel quantity=few
|lobe shape=subacute;rounded;oblong
|margin shape=toothed;entire
|nut atypical length=15mm;33mm
|nut atypical width=12mm;18mm
|nut coloration=light-brown
|nut length=12mm;15mm
|nut shape=ovoid;ellipsoid
|nut width=7mm;12mm
|peduncle atypical some measurement=10mm;30mm
|peduncle some measurement=0mm;10mm
|petiole some measurement=10mm;20mm
|secondary-vein architecture=branched
|secondary-vein coloration=dark green
|secondary-vein prominence=raised;prominent
|secondary-vein pubescence=pubescent;glabrate
|secondary-vein quantity=4;6
|secondary-vein reflectance=lustrous
|shrub arrangement=clumped
|shrub duration=deciduous
|shrub orientation=spreading
|sinuse shape=rounded;acute
|surface coloration=green
|surface pubescence=villous;glabrate;velvety;glaucous
|surface reflectance=dull
|tree duration=deciduous
|tree size=large;small
|twig coloration=reddish-brown;brown
|twig diameter=1.5mm;2.5mm
|twig pubescence=stellate-pubescent;glabrous
}}<!--

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