View source for Pyrola

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Pyrola
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 396. 1753
|year=1753
}}{{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 188. 1754 ,
}}
|common_names=Wintergreen;Latin pyrus;pear;and
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ericaceae;Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae;Pyrola
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ericaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pyrola]]</div></div>
|etymology=olus, diminutive, alluding to resemblance of leaves
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 371, 373, 374, 377, 379, 383
|treatment_page=page 378
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> chlorophyllous, autotrophic (achlorophyllous and heterotrophic in forms of <i>P. chlorantha</i> and <i>P. picta</i>). <b>Stems</b> erect, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> essentially basal or, sometimes, highly reduced or absent (<i>P. chlorantha</i>, <i>P. picta</i>), alternate; petiole present; blade maculate or not, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate, oblong-obovate, ovate, obovate, spatulate, subreniform, reniform, or round, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, margins entire, denticulate, crenulate, crenate, or crenate-serrulate, plane or revolute, surfaces glabrous. <b>Inflorescences</b> racemes, usually erect in flower and fruit, (symmetric); peduncular bracts present or absent; inflorescence bracts free from pedicels. <b>Pedicels</b> pendent in fruit; bracteoles absent. <b>Flowers</b> radially symmetric (bilaterally symmetric in <i>P. minor</i>), spreading or nodding; sepals 5, connate proximally, often obscurely so, calyx lobes lanceolate, ovate, triangular, deltate, oblong, or obovate; petals 5, distinct, white, greenish white, yellowish white, pink, or purplish red, without basal tubercles, corolla crateriform to broadly campanulate; intrastaminal nectary disc absent; stamens 10, exserted; filaments broad proximally, gradually narrowed medially, slender distally, glabrous; anthers oblong, without awns, with or without tubules, dehiscent by 2 round to elliptic or obovate pores; pistil 5-carpellate; ovary imperfectly 5-locular; placentation intruded-parietal; style (exserted or included), bent downward or straight (<i>P. minor</i>), expanded distally; stigma 5-lobed, without subtending ring of hairs. <b>Fruits</b> capsular, pendulous, dehiscence loculicidal, cobwebby tissue exposed by splitting valves at dehiscence. <b>Seeds</b> ca. 1000, fusiform, winged. <b>x</b> = 23.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);Europe;Asia (including Sumatra).
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 30 (7 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The apparent absence of strong genetic discontinuities within many species complexes, as well as morphologic and cytologic uniformity, have challenged attempts to delimit species in <i>Pyrola</i>. Chromosome counts for all species are diploid (2n = 46) except for the boreal European species <i>P. media</i>, which is a tetraploid (2n = 92), and some triploid counts (2n = 69) for <i>P. grandiflora</i>. Natural hybrids have been reported widely. Some species complexes have been examined in detail; a modern, comprehensive monograph of the genus is needed. Of particular interest in the flora area are relationships among members of sect. <i>Pyrola</i>, which includes, among other species, North American <i>P. americana</i>, amphi-Pacific <i>P. asarifolia</i>, arctic and circumpolar <i>P. grandiflora</i>, and Eurasian P. rotundifolia Linnaeus. J. V. Freudenstein (1999b) found limited cladistic structure in <i>Pyrola</i>. Morphologic and molecular data support a clade comprising <i>P. chlorantha</i> and <i>P. picta</i> (including P. aphylla). Molecular data suggest that this clade is sister to one comprising <i>P. elliptica</i> and <i>P. minor</i>.</p><!--
--><p><i>Pyrola americana</i>, <i>P. asarifolia</i>, <i>P. chlorantha</i>, <i>P. elliptica</i>, and <i>P. picta</i> have a variety of drug, food, and ceremonial uses among a dozen tribes of Native Americans (D. E. Moerman 1998).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=camp1940a
|text=Camp, W. H. 1940. Aphyllous forms of Pyrola. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 453–465.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=haber1970a
|text=Haber, E. 1970. Some aberrant Pyrola collections from eastern North America. Rhodora 72: 480–485.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=haber1984a
|text=Haber, E. 1984. A comparative study of Pyrola minor × P. asarifolia (Ericaceae) and its parental species in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 62: 1054–1061.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=haber1993a
|text=Haber, E. 1993. Hybridization of Pyrola chlorantha (Ericaceae) in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 66: 1993–2000.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=krisa1966a
|text=Křísa, B. 1966. Contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Pyrola L. in North America. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 85: 612–637.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=krisa1971a
|text=Křísa, B. 1971. Beitrag zur Taxonomie und Chorologie der Gattung Pyrola L. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 90: 476–508.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=takahashi1986a
|text=Takahashi, Hiroshi. 1986. Pollen morphology of Pyrola and its taxonomic significance. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 99: 137–154.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles (0.5-)0.8-1.5(-1.8) mm, included, straight; anthers 0.8-1.4 mm, tubules absent; flowers radially symmetric.
|[[Pyrola minor|Pyrola minor]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles 4-10 mm, exserted, bent downward; anthers (1.6-)2.2-5.5 mm, tubules present; flowers bilaterally symmetric
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescence bracts as long as or longer than subtended pedicels (sometimes shorter than subtended pedicels in P. asarifolia subsp. asarifolia); calyx lobes longer than wide
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescence bracts usually shorter than subtended pedicels, rarely longer than subtended pedicels; calyx lobes ± as long as wide
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Filament bases 0.2-0.3 mm wide; anther apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy yellow to golden yellow, tubules yellow to yellowish brown.
|[[Pyrola grandiflora|Pyrola grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Filament bases 0.5-1.1 mm wide; anther apiculations 0.1-0.5(-0.7) mm, thecae creamy white, greenish white, tan, pink, reddish, dark purple, or yellowish, tubules yellowish brown, orange, pink, reddish, or dark purple
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyx lobes ovate, ovate-oblong, or obovate, apices obtuse to acute; petals white, often suffused with pink.
|[[Pyrola americana|Pyrola americana]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyx lobes triangular, apices acute to acuminate; petals white proximally and pinkish distally, or pink to purplish red throughout
|[[Pyrola asarifolia|Pyrola asarifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Anther tubules abruptly narrowed from thecae, lateral walls not touching or connivent distally, 0.7-1.1 mm; calyx lobe apices acute to obtuse.
|[[Pyrola chlorantha|Pyrola chlorantha]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Anther tubules gradually narrowed (at least when viewed laterally) from thecae, lateral walls touching for most of their lengths or connivent distally, 0.3-0.8 mm; calyx lobe apices acute to acuminate
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades not maculate or, rarely, maculate, broadly elliptic to oblong or oblong-obovate, margins crenulate or obscurely denticulate; petals white to greenish white; apices of calyx lobes acute to short-acuminate.
|[[Pyrola elliptica|Pyrola elliptica]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades usually maculate, sometimes not maculate, ovate or ovate-elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, margins entire or denticulate to coarsely denticulate, or plants leafless; petals greenish white, white, pink, or reddish; apices of calyx lobes acute.
|[[Pyrola picta|Pyrola picta]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Pyrola
|author=Craig C. Freeman
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ericaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);Europe;Asia (including Sumatra).
|reference=camp1940a;haber1970a;haber1984a;haber1993a;krisa1966a;krisa1971a;takahashi1986a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V8/V8_715.xml
|subfamily=Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae
|genus=Pyrola
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae]]