View source for Enemion

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Enemion
|accepted_authority=Rafinesque
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts
|place=91: 70. 1820
|year=1820
}}
|common_names=False rue-anemone
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Enemion
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ranunculaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Enemion]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;rhizome fragility or size;rhizome texture;root architecture"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from stout woody rhizomes or tuberous roots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;proximal leaf architecture;distal leaf architecture;distal leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline, proximal leaves petiolate, distal leaves sessile or nearly so;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="cauline leaf arrangement">cauline leaves alternate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade architecture"><b>Leaf-</b>blade 2-ternately compound;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape">leaflets broadly ovate to cuneate-obovate, margins entire to deeply 3-notched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;cyme architecture;cyme architecture or arrangement or growth form;cyme some measurement;raceme architecture;raceme architecture or arrangement or growth form;raceme some measurement;flower architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower some measurement"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or axillary, 2-10-flowered cymes or racemes or flowers solitary, to 4 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="beak presence">bracts absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture or shape"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, radially symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal some measurement;fruit atypical quantity;fruit quantity">sepals not persistent in fruit, 5 (-9), white, occasionally tinged pinkish, plane, ovate to obovate, 3.5-15 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal presence">petals absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 9-75;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="filament shape;filament shape;filament shape;filament shape">filaments filiform to clavate or narrowly triangular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="staminode presence">staminodes absent between stamens and pistils;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pistil atypical quantity;pistil quantity;pistil architecture">pistils [1-] 2-10, simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 2-6 per pistil;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="style presence">style present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruits follicle architecture;fruits follicle architecture;fruits follicle architecture;fruits follicle shape;fruits follicle shape;fruits follicle shape;fruits follicle shape;fruits follicle shape;vein quantity;vein prominence;veinlet dehiscence or orientation"><b>Fruits </b>follicles, aggregate, sessile or stipitate, oblong or elliptic to obovate, laterally compressed, sides with a few prominent veins and transverse veinlets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="beak position or structure subtype;beak course;beak course;beak some measurement">beak terminal, straight or curved, 0.5-3 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>reddish-brown, ovoid, smooth, rugulose, or minutely pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed architecture or pubescence or relief;seed relief;seed pubescence;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Asia
|discussion=<p>Species 6 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The delimitation of taxa within tribe Isopyreae Schrödinger has been open to considerable debate. North American taxonomists tend to retain the North American species in Isopyrum Linnaeus whereas taxonomists elsewhere recognize Enemion along with a number of other segregate genera [e.g., Dichocarpum (Tamura and Kosuge) W. T. Wang and Fu D.-Z., Isopyrum in the strict sense, Leptopyrum Reichenbach, and Paraquilegia Drummond and Hutchinson] (J. R. Drummond and J. Hutchinson 1920; Fu D.-Z. 1990; M. Tamura 1984, 1993; M. Tamura and L. A. Lauener 1968).</p><!--
--><p>Enemion has no petals and is regarded as the most primitive member in tribe Isopyreae (D.-Z. Fu 1990; M. Tamura 1984; M. Tamura and L. A. Lauener 1968). The other closely related genera form a transition series: Dichocarpum has peltate petals similar to the stamens; Isopyrum and Leptopyrum possess peltate petals with larger, tubular limbs and shorter claws; and Paraquilegia has nonpeltate petals that are flat and ± concave or swollen near the base and nearly sessile.</p><!--
--><p>While some authors have argued that too much emphasis has been placed on petals as characters for segregating genera (e.g., J. A. Calder and R. L. Taylor 1963), Enemion is a well-defined taxon, easily distinguished from other members of tribe Isopyreae. Final decisions involving the circumscription of Enemion await molecular study involving all members of subfamily Isopyroideae Tamura.</p><!--
--><p>All species of Enemion in the flora, with the exception of E. biternatum, are localized endemics of western North America from British Columbia to California.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=drummond1920a
|text=Drummond, J. R. and J. Hutchinson. 1920. A revision of Isopyrum (Ranunculaceae) and its nearer allies. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1920: 145-169.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=tamura1968b
|text=Tamura, M. and L. A. Lauener. 1968. A revision of Isopyrum, Dichocarpum and their allies. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 267-273.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences terminal or axillary, well-defined 3–10-flowered cymes with small scalelike bracts; leaflets abaxially pubescent.
|[[Enemion hallii|Enemion hallii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences axillary, flowers solitary or loosely grouped in 2–4-flowered leafy cymes or racemes, bracts similar to distal stem leaves; leaflets abaxially glabrous.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Follicles stipitate; peduncle strongly clavate; stamens fewer than 15, filaments flat, narrowly triangular.
|[[Enemion stipitatum|Enemion stipitatum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Follicles sessile; peduncle not clavate; stamens more than 20, filaments filiform to club-shaped.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lobes of leaflets with shallow glandular notches at apices; sepals (10–)12.6–15(–16.8) mm; follicle bodies 11–15 mm; coastal British Columbia.
|[[Enemion savilei|Enemion savilei]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lobes of leaflets glandular-apiculate; sepals 5.5–13.5 mm; follicle bodies 3.5–11.5 mm; California, c, e North America.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Follicle body 3.5–6.5 mm, gradually contracted into style beak; beak 1.7–3 mm; seeds 2.1–2.7 mm, minutely pubescent; roots fibrous; c, e North America.
|[[Enemion biternatum|Enemion biternatum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Follicle body (7.7–)8.5–11.5mm, abruptly contracted into style beak; beak 0.8–1.7mm; seeds 1.5–2mm, glabrous; roots tuberous; c, s California.
|[[Enemion occidentale|Enemion occidentale]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Enemion
|author=Bruce A. Ford
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ranunculaceae
|distribution=North America;Asia
|reference=drummond1920a;tamura1968b
|publication title=J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts
|publication year=1820
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_56.xml
|genus=Enemion
|beak course=curved;straight
|beak position or structure subtype=terminal
|beak presence=absent
|beak some measurement=0.5mm;3mm
|cauline leaf arrangement=alternate
|cyme architecture=2-10-flowered
|cyme architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|cyme some measurement=0cm;4cm
|distal leaf architecture=nearly;sessile
|filament shape=filiform;clavate or narrowly triangular
|flower architecture=2-10-flowered
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|flower some measurement=0cm;4cm
|fruit atypical quantity=5;9
|fruit quantity=5
|fruits follicle architecture=stipitate;sessile;aggregate
|fruits follicle shape=compressed;elliptic;obovate
|herb duration=perennial
|inflorescence position=axillary;terminal
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|leaf-blade architecture=compound
|leaflet shape=broadly ovate;cuneate-obovate
|margin shape=entire;deeply 3-notched
|ovule quantity=2;6
|petal presence=absent
|pistil architecture=simple
|pistil atypical quantity=1;2
|pistil quantity=2;10
|proximal leaf architecture=petiolate
|raceme architecture=2-10-flowered
|raceme architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|raceme some measurement=0cm;4cm
|rhizome fragility or size=stout
|rhizome texture=woody
|root architecture=tuberous
|seed architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|seed coloration=reddish-brown
|seed pubescence=pubescent
|seed relief=rugulose
|seed shape=ovoid
|sepal coloration=tinged pinkish;white
|sepal duration=not persistent
|sepal shape=ovate;obovate
|sepal some measurement=3.5mm;15mm
|stamen quantity=9;75
|staminode presence=absent
|style presence=absent
|vein prominence=prominent
|vein quantity=few
|veinlet dehiscence or orientation=transverse
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ranunculaceae]]