View source for Erysimum perenne

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Erysimum perenne
|accepted_authority=(S. Watson ex Coville) Abrams in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris, Ill. Fl. Pacific States
|place=2: 318. 1944
|year=1944
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Erysimum asperum var. perenne
|authority=S. Watson ex Coville
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cheiranthus perennis
|authority=(S. Watson ex Coville) Greene
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cheirinia nevadensis
|authority=(A. Heller) A. Heller
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Erysimum capitatum var. perenne
|authority=(S. Watson ex Coville) R. J. Davis
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Erysimum nevadense
|authority=A. Heller
}}
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Erysimeae;Erysimum;Erysimum perenne
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Erysimeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Erysimum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Erysimum perenne]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 535, 536, 537, 544
|treatment_page=page 543
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials </b>or, rarely, biennials; (caudex slender). <b>Trichomes</b> of leaves 2–5-rayed. <b>Stems</b> erect, unbranched or branched (few to several) basally, 0.4–6.5 dm. <b>Basal</b> leaves: blade spatulate to broadly oblanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 3–10 mm, base attenuate, margins dentate or subentire, apex often obtuse, (surfaces pubescent adaxially, trichomes 2 or 3–5-rayed). <b>Cauline</b> leaves (distal) sessile; blade margins often entire. <b>Racemes</b> considerably elongated in fruit. <b>Fruiting</b> pedicels divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–12 mm. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals linear-oblong to oblong, 8–12 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 15–22 × 3.5–6 mm, claw 8–14 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 7–14 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. <b>Fruits</b> erect to ascending, narrowly linear, straight, torulose, 3.8–14 cm × 1.2–3 mm, latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2 or 3 (or 4)-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 26–44 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, (1.5–)2–5.5 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma subentire to slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. <b>Seeds</b> ovoid, 2–3.4 × 1–2 mm; not winged or, rarely, winged distally. <b>2n</b> = 36.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Sep.
|habitat=Alpine fellfields, decomposing marble, gravelly ground and knolls, rocky slopes, talus, granitic sand
|elevation=2000-4000 m
|distribution=Calif.;Nev.;Oreg.
|discussion=<p><i>Erysimum perenne</i> is a high alpine species of the western sierras in California from Fresno, Inyo, and Madera counties northward into Plumas, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. Its range in <i>Nevada</i> appears to be restricted to Douglas and Washoe counties.</p><!--
--><p>The limits of <i>Erysimum perenne</i> have been controversial, and it is with some hesitation that I recognize it as a species. G. B. Rossbach (1958) accepted it as a distinct species, R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of <i>E. capitatum</i>, R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a variety of <i>E. capitatum</i>, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) treated the name as a synonym of <i>E. capitatum</i>. It is readily distinguished from <i>E. capitatum</i> by having torulose (versus not torulose) and flattened (versus 4-angled or flattened) fruits, slender (versus stout or, rarely, slender) and longer styles (1.5–)2–5.5 mm (versus 0.2–2.5(–3) mm), and yellow (versus orange to, rarely, yellow) petals. Where the two species are allopatric, they remain consistently distinct, but at lower elevations, where their ranges overlap, the distinction becomes blurred. In such areas of overlap, one finds fruit variation ranging from distinctly torulose to non-torulose, as well as continuity in the other characters above.</p>
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|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Erysimum perenne
|author=
|authority=(S. Watson ex Coville) Abrams in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Cheiranthus perennis;Cheirinia nevadensis;Erysimum capitatum var. perenne;Erysimum nevadense
|basionyms=Erysimum asperum var. perenne
|family=Brassicaceae
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Sep.
|habitat=Alpine fellfields, decomposing marble, gravelly ground and knolls, rocky slopes, talus, granitic sand
|elevation=2000-4000 m
|distribution=Calif.;Nev.;Oreg.
|reference=None
|publication title=in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris, Ill. Fl. Pacific States
|publication year=1944
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V7/V7_863.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Erysimeae
|genus=Erysimum
|species=Erysimum perenne
}}<!--

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