View source for Ceratophyllum muricatum subsp. australe

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ceratophyllum muricatum subsp. australe
|accepted_authority=(Grisebach) Les
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syst. Bot.
|place=13: 85. 1988
|year=1988
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ceratophyllum australe
|authority=Grisebach
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ceratophyllum demersum var. cristatum
|authority=K. Schumann
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ceratophyllum floridanum
|authority=Fassett
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ceratophyllum llerenae
|authority=Fassett
}}
|hierarchy=Ceratophyllaceae;Ceratophyllum;Ceratophyllum muricatum;Ceratophyllum muricatum subsp. australe
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ceratophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ceratophyllum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Ceratophyllum muricatum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subspecies</small>[[Ceratophyllum muricatum subsp. australe]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem some measurement"><b>Stems </b>to 1 m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf whorl arrangement">apical leaf whorls not densely crowded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf coloration;leaf coloration;leaf coloration;leaf texture"><b>Leaves </b>light green to yellow-green, fine-textured.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade architecture;leaf-blade shape;ultimate segment quantity;segment shape;leaf whorl life cycle;leaf whorl diameter;base width;tissue coloration;tissue width"><b>Leaf-</b>blade simple or forked into 2-10 ultimate segments (forking of largest leaves 3d or 4th order), segments sometimes conspicuously inflated, mature leaf whorls 2.5-6 cm diam., marginal denticles weak and inconspicuous, not raised on broad base of green tissue, sometimes nearly absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="marginal denticle fragility;marginal denticle prominence;marginal denticle presence;leaf architecture">1st leaves of plumule simple.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="achene coloration;achene coloration;body length;body width;body height;basal spine quantity;basal spine course;basal spine course;basal spine some measurement;marginal spine atypical quantity;marginal spine quantity;marginal spine some measurement;terminal spine course;terminal spine course;terminal spine some measurement;margin architecture"><b>Achene </b>green or dark-brown, body (excluding spines) 3-4.5 × 2-3 × 1-2 mm, basal spines 2 (rarely absent), straight or curved, 0.3-4.5 mm, marginal spines (0-) 2-20, 0.1-4 mm, terminal spine straight or curved, 1.5-7.5 mm, margins slightly winged.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Fresh water of ponds and lakes
|elevation=0-50 m
|distribution=Fla.;Ga.;N.C.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America
|discussion=<p>Principally of tropical distribution, Ceratophyllum muricatum is known in North America north of Mexico only from ephemeral habitats in coastal southeastern United States. The wide range of variation of spines on the fruits in C. muricatum has led to the describing of several variants (typically when spine lengths have been reduced) as different species. As in C. demersum, spineless phenotypes from North America have been called C. submersum Linnaeus, which does not occur in the New World. The affinity of C. muricatum for shallow, ephemeral habitats results in its sporadic and nonpersistent occurrence in present North American localities. Fossil records of C. muricatum from the lower and middle Eocene document its occurrence in more inland sites, presumably when the climate of the interior stations was more similar to tropical conditions. Of the three North American species of Ceratophyllum, this species is most likely to be collected (in season) with fruit present.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ceratophyllum muricatum subsp. australe
|author=
|authority=(Grisebach) Les
|rank=subspecies
|parent rank=species
|synonyms=Ceratophyllum demersum var. cristatum;Ceratophyllum floridanum;Ceratophyllum llerenae
|basionyms=Ceratophyllum australe
|family=Ceratophyllaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Fresh water of ponds and lakes
|elevation=0-50 m
|distribution=Fla.;Ga.;N.C.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America
|reference=None
|publication title=Syst. Bot.
|publication year=1988
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_477.xml
|genus=Ceratophyllum
|species=Ceratophyllum muricatum
|subspecies=Ceratophyllum muricatum subsp. australe
|achene coloration=dark-brown;green
|basal spine course=curved;straight
|basal spine quantity=2
|basal spine some measurement=0.3mm;4.5mm
|base width=broad
|body height=1mm;2mm
|body length=3mm;4.5mm
|body width=2mm;3mm
|leaf architecture=simple
|leaf coloration=light green;yellow-green
|leaf texture=fine-textured
|leaf whorl arrangement=crowded
|leaf whorl diameter=2.5cm;6cm
|leaf whorl life cycle=mature
|leaf-blade architecture=simple
|leaf-blade shape=forked
|margin architecture=winged
|marginal denticle fragility=weak
|marginal denticle presence=absent
|marginal denticle prominence=inconspicuous
|marginal spine atypical quantity=0;2
|marginal spine quantity=2;20
|marginal spine some measurement=0.1mm;4mm
|segment shape=inflated
|stem some measurement=0m;1m
|terminal spine course=curved;straight
|terminal spine some measurement=1.5mm;7.5mm
|tissue coloration=green
|tissue width=broad
|ultimate segment quantity=2;10
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ceratophyllum muricatum]]