View source for Ayenia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ayenia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.
|place=17: 23, plate 2. 1756
|year=1756
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Nephropetalum
|authority=B. L. Robinson & Greenman
}}
|hierarchy=Malvaceae;Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae;Ayenia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Malvaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ayenia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Louis de Noailles, 1713 – 1793, first Duc d’Ayen
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 203, 206
|treatment_page=page 202
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Subshrubs </b>or shrubs [trees], erect, ascending, or decumbent; taprooted. <b>Stems</b> unarmed, hairy 3–7-veined from base. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary or terminal, cymose, 1–11-flowered; epicalyx absent. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual [rarely unisexual or cleistogamous]; sepals basally connate, basally abaxially glandular-hairy; petals clawed, claws filiform, lamina rhombic, deltate, reniform, or ± triangular, base divided into 2 lobes or not, lobe margins entire or erose, apex notched, entire, or with 2 widely spaced teeth, surfaces glabrous or hairy, abaxial surface appendaged or not, appendage ± filiform, cylindric, or clavate, inserted in middle of lamina distally, petals inflexed toward center of flower and connivent to apex of staminal tube such that when viewed from above corolla resembles a disc with staminodes, style, and stigma, if exserted, protruding from center; androgynophore present [absent]; staminodes 5, connate into cylindric or ± rounded, minute or indistinct. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, often pendulous, oblate or subspheric, 5-locular, dehiscence septicidal and then loculicidal, hairy [glabrous], prickled. <b>Seeds</b> 1 per locule, ovoid, smooth, wrinkled, or tuberculate; endosperm absent; cotyledons leafy, folded and rolled around hypocotylar axis. <b>x</b> = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America (to Argentina and Paraguay).
|discussion=<p>The name <i>Ayenia</i> pusilla Linnaeus has been misapplied to some species found in the flora area. C. L. Cristóbal (1960) selected the South American element in the Linnaean protologue of this name as lectotype; the name is now correctly applied only to a species in Ecuador and Peru.</p><!--
--><p>Molecular data (B. A. Whitlock and A. M. Hale 2011) indicate that a monophyletic <i>Ayenia</i> is embedded within a paraphyletic Byttneria Loefling and that the monospecific, Brazilian endemic Rayleya Cristóbal is sister to a combined clade of <i>Ayenia</i> and Byttneria. The taxonomic implications of these relationships have not been fully resolved. A relatively small proportion of species in this <i>Ayenia</i>/Byttneria/Rayleya clade have been sampled and the African genus Megatritheca Cristóbal, which shows a combination of morphological features usually associated with either <i>Ayenia</i> or Byttneria, has not been included in molecular analyses.</p><!--
--><p>The structure of <i>Ayenia</i> flowers is complicated and the terminology applied to the various parts has not been consistent (see L. J. Dorr 1996 and included references). In particular, the terms claw and lamina as applied to petals have been used to describe different structures. termed a gland or ligule) or not. W. Leinfellner (1960), using comparative and developmental data, argued that the rhombic, deltate, or reniform portion of the petal (lamina) is homologous with the distal part of the claw and that the lamina is reduced to an appendage or absent.</p><!--
--><p>Species ca. 80 (7 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=cristobal1960a
|text=Cristóbal, C. L. 1960. Revisión del género Ayenia (Sterculiaceae). Opera Lilloana 4: 1–230.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=whitlock2011a
|text=Whitlock, B. A. and A. M. Hale. 2011. The phylogeny of Ayenia, Byttneria, and Rayleya (Malvaceae s.l.) and its implications for the evolution of growth forms. Syst. Bot. 36: 129–136.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals: base of lamina lobed, apex entire or with 2 widely spaced teeth (not notched), abaxial appendage absent
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals: base of lamina attenuate on claw, apex notched, abaxial appendage present
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepals caducous (not present in young fruit); capsule prickles 0.1–0.3 mm.
|[[Ayenia compacta|Ayenia compacta]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepals persistent; capsule prickles 0.3–1.5 mm
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades: proximals and distals similar in shape and size, apex cuspidate; petiole (0.1–)0.2–0.5 cm; Florida.
|[[Ayenia euphrasiifolia|Ayenia euphrasiifolia]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades: proximals and distals dissimilar in shape and size (sometimes only slightly), apex acute or subacute; petiole 0.4–1(–1.5) cm; Arizona, New Mexico, Texas
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves: blades of proximals ovate to orbiculate, distals oblong to ovate-lanceolate or linear, base rounded to truncate, surfaces usually stellate-puberulent, sometimes glabrescent.
|[[Ayenia filiformis|Ayenia filiformis]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves: blades of proximals broadly ovate to orbiculate, distals ovate to oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, base cordate, surfaces moderately to sparingly hirsute, hairs usually simple, bifurcate, and fasciculate, sometimes also stellate.
|[[Ayenia pilosa|Ayenia pilosa]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cymes borne on short shoots (brachyblasts); sepals not reflexed at anthesis; petal lamina apex with 2 widely-spaced teeth; stamen filaments present.
|[[Ayenia microphylla|Ayenia microphylla]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cymes not borne on short shoots (brachyblasts); sepals reflexed at anthesis; petal lamina apex entire; stamen filaments absent or nearly so
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, slightly 3–5-lobed; petal lobe margins erose; androgynophore 0.5–1 mm; Arizona.
|[[Ayenia jaliscana|Ayenia jaliscana]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, unlobed; petal lobe margins not erose; androgynophore 0.2–0.3 mm; Texas.
|[[Ayenia limitaris|Ayenia limitaris]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ayenia
|author=Laurence J. Dorr
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=Nephropetalum
|basionyms=
|family=Malvaceae
|distribution=United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America (to Argentina and Paraguay).
|reference=cristobal1960a;whitlock2011a
|publication title=Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.
|publication year=1756
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_362.xml
|subfamily=Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae
|genus=Ayenia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae]]