View source for Lauraceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Lauraceae
|accepted_authority=Jussieu
|publications=
|common_names=Laurel Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Lauraceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Lauraceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 26
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub duration;shrub duration;shrub odor;tree height"><b>Shrubs </b>to tall trees, evergreen or rarely deciduous (Cassytha a parasitic vine with leaves reduced to scales), usually aromatic.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, rarely whorled or opposite, simple, without stipules, petiolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;margin architecture or shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade: unlobed (unlobed or lobed in Sassafras), margins entire, occasionally with domatia (crevices or hollows serving as lodging for mites) in axils of main lateral-veins (in Cinnamomum).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="beak duration;cyme architecture;pseudoumbel architecture;beak arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>in axils of leaves or deciduous bracts, panicles (rarely heads), racemes, compound cymes, or pseudoumbels (spikes in Cassytha), sometimes enclosed by decussate bracts.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower reproduction;flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual or unisexual, bisexual only, or staminate and pistillate on different plants, or staminate and bisexual on some plants, pistillate and bisexual on others;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration">flowers usually yellow to greenish or white, rarely reddish;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="hypanthium development;hypanthium position">hypanthium well developed, resembling calyx-tube, tepals and stamens perigynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="tepal atypical quantity;tepal quantity;tepal size;whorl atypical quantity;whorl quantity;whorl quantity;tepal quantity;tepal architecture;tepal variability;tepal size;tepal size;tepal position;inner tepal quantity">tepals 6 (-9), in 2 (-3) whorls of 3, sepaloid, equal or rarely unequal, if unequal then usually outer 3 smaller than inner 3 (occasionally absent in Litsea);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen presence;staminodial quantity;staminodial quantity;staminodial position">stamens (3-) 9 (-12), in whorls of 3, but 1 or more whorls frequently staminodial or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="gland quantity">stamens of 3d whorl with 2 glands near base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="anther architecture or structure in adjective form;anther architecture or structure in adjective form">anthers 2-locular or 4-locular, locules opening by valves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil architecture">pistil 1, 1-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="">ovary 1-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation">placentation basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovule 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigma architecture;stigma architecture or shape;stigma architecture or shape">stigma subsessile, discoid or capitate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="drupe location;tepal duration;receptacle shape;floral-tube size"><b>Fruits </b>drupes, drupe borne on pedicel with or without persistent tepals at base, or seated in ± deeply cupshaped receptacle (cupule), or enclosed in accrescent floral-tube.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity"><b>Seed </b>1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="endosperm presence">endosperm absent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Pantropical;a few species also in subtropical and temperate regions
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 50, species 2000-3000 (9 genera, 13 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Cassytha is sometimes placed in its own family, Cassythaceae; it is here retained in Lauraceae.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=wood1958a
|text=Wood, C. E. Jr. 1958. The genera of the woody Ranales in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 39: 296-346.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Keys==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  <h3 class="treatment-key-header" id="key-0">Key to Genera Based on Flowering Material</h3>
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Parasitic vines, leaves reduced to minute scales; stems pale green to yellow-green or orange, twining.
|[[Cassytha|Cassytha]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Shrubs or trees, leafy; stem various in color but not orange, not twinning.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants deciduous; flowers appearing before or with new leaves.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants evergreen; flowers appearing when leaves mature.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers in racemes or panicles; leaf blade often lobed.
|[[Sassafras|Sassafras]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers in pseudoumbels; leaf blade always unlobed.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Anthers 2-locular.
|[[Lindera|Lindera]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Anthers 4-locular.
|[[Listea|Listea]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Flowers in pseudoumbels.
|[[Umbellularia|Umbellularia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Flowers in panicles or compound cymes.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stamens 3, anthers 2-locular.
|[[Licaria|Licaria]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stamens 9, anthers 4-locular.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Outer 3 tepals shorter than inner 3.
|[[Persea|Persea]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Tepals equal.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blade pinnately veined, domatia absent; terminal bud not covered by imbricate scales.
|[[Nectandra|Nectandra]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blade with (1-)3 primary veins, pubescent domatia in axils of main lateral veins; terminal bud covered by imbricate scales, young twigs with clusters of scars from fallen scales.
|[[Cinnamomum|Cinnamomum]]
|}
</div><!--
--><div class="treatment-key-group">
  <h3 class="treatment-key-header" id="key-1">Key to Genera Based on Fruiting Material</h3>
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-1-1
|1
|Parasitic vines, leaves reduced to minute scales.
|[[Cassytha|Cassytha]]
|-id=key-1-1
|1
|Shrubs or trees, leafy.
|[[#key-1-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-1-2
|2
|Leaf blade usually lobed (often unlobed).
|[[Sassafras|Sassafras]]
|-id=key-1-2
|2
|Leaf blade always unlobed.
|[[#key-1-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-1-3
|3
|Tepals persistent at base of fruit; cupule absent.
|[[Persea|Persea]]
|-id=key-1-3
|3
|Tepals deciduous; small cupule present.
|[[#key-1-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-1-4
|4
|Cupule usuallly double-rimmed.
|[[Licaria|Licaria]]
|-id=key-1-4
|4
|Cupule single-rimmed.
|[[#key-1-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-1-5
|5
|Fruit at maturity 2 cm or more in greatest dimension; California, Oregon
|[[Umbellularia|Umbellularia]]
|-id=key-1-5
|5
|Fruit at maturity less than 2 cm in greatest dimension; e of Rocky Mountains.
|[[#key-1-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-1-6
|6
|Infructescences umbellate or not branched, about 1 cm.
|[[#key-1-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-1-6
|6
|Infructescences paniculate, more than 4 cm.
|[[#key-1-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-1-7
|7
|Leaf blade 4 × 1.5 cm or less.
|[[Listea|Listea]]
|-id=key-1-7
|7
|Leaf blade 4 × 2 cm or more.
|[[Lindera|Lindera]]
|-id=key-1-8
|8
|Leaf blade pinnately veined, domatia absent; terminal bud not covered by imbricate scales.
|[[Nectandra|Nectandra]]
|-id=key-1-8
|8
|Leaf blade with (1-)3 primary veins, pubescent domatia in axils of main lateral veins; terminal bud covered by imbricate scales, young twigs with clusters of scars from fallen scales.
|[[Cinnamomum|Cinnamomum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Lauraceae
|author=Henk van der Werff
|authority=Jussieu
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Lauraceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|distribution=Pantropical;a few species also in subtropical and temperate regions
|reference=wood1958a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_272.xml
|anther architecture or structure in adjective form=4-locular;2-locular
|beak arrangement=decussate
|beak duration=deciduous
|cyme architecture=compound
|drupe location=seated
|endosperm presence=absent
|floral-tube size=accrescent
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate;pistillate;staminate
|flower coloration=reddish;usually yellow;greenish or white
|flower reproduction=bisexual;bisexual;bisexual;unisexual;bisexual
|gland quantity=2
|hypanthium development=developed
|hypanthium position=perigynous
|inner tepal quantity=3
|leaf architecture=petiolate;simple
|leaf arrangement=opposite;whorled;alternate
|leaf-blade shape=unlobed
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
|ovary placentation=basal
|ovule quantity=1
|pistil architecture=1-carpellate
|pistil quantity=1
|pseudoumbel architecture=compound
|receptacle shape=cup-shaped
|seed quantity=1
|shrub duration=deciduous;evergreen
|shrub odor=aromatic
|stamen atypical quantity=9;12
|stamen presence=absent
|stamen quantity=9
|staminodial position=staminodial
|staminodial quantity=1;3
|stigma architecture=subsessile
|stigma architecture or shape=capitate;discoid
|tepal architecture=sepaloid
|tepal atypical quantity=6;9
|tepal duration=persistent
|tepal position=outer
|tepal quantity=3;6
|tepal size=unequal;unequal;smaller
|tepal variability=equal
|tree height=tall
|whorl atypical quantity=2;3
|whorl quantity=3;2
}}<!--

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