View source for Achlys

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Achlys
|accepted_authority=de Candolle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syst. Nat.
|place=2: 35. 1821
|year=1821
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Berberidaceae;Achlys
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Berberidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Achlys]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek Achlus, a god of night
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;herb duration;herb some measurement;herb pubescence"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, deciduous, 2.5-5 dm, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rhizome size;rhizome architecture;foliage leaf quantity;shoot life cycle"><b>Rhizomes </b>extensive, branching, producing 1-few foliage leaves or flowering shoots per year.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem location;stem presence"><b>Aerial </b>stems absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>basal, alternate, 3-foliolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole length or size;petiole size">petiole long, slender.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade-leaf shape;blade-leaf distance"><b>Leaf-</b>blade orbiculate in gross outline, 20-40 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade architecture or shape">leaflet blades fan-shaped, entire or lobed, lateral leaflet blades strongly asymmetric, margins entire to coarsely sinuate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin architecture">venation palmate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;spike density;spike architecture;flower prominence"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, dense scapose-pedunculate spikes of inconspicuous flowers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower architecture;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower some measurement;flower some measurement"><b>Flowers </b>3-merous, white to cream, 6 mm or less;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal presence">sepals absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal presence">petals absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity">stamens 8-10 (-13);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="anther dehiscence;flap quantity">anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pollen exine coloration or pubescence or relief">pollen exine striate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="">ovaries asymmetrically ellipsoid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="ovary shape;ovary placentation;placenta development">placentation marginal, placenta developed only near base of ovary.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="fruits follicle coloration;fruits follicle coloration;fruits follicle course;fruits follicle architecture"><b>Fruits </b>follicles with transverse dehiscence, purplish red or brown, curved, furrowed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration"><b>Seeds </b>1, brown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="">aril absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="aril presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 6.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Asia (Japan)
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Achlys is of particular interest because of its amphi-Pacific disjunction. Despite the 8000 km or more disjunction, the taxa are remarkably similar in morphology, ecology, and karyology. Japanese populations are diploid; American populations are diploid and tetraploid.</p><!--
--><p>Two species are recognized in this treatment; some researchers prefer to treat them as varieties. In the Californian portion of the range, some field botanists believe the two taxa are sufficiently morphologically distinct to be called species; farther north these differences are reportedly less apparent.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=fukuda1967a
|text=Fukuda, I. 1967. The biosystematics of Achlys. Taxon 16: 308-316.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=fukuda1970a
|text=Fukuda, I. and H. G. Baker. 1970. Achlys californica --(Berberidaceae)--a new species. Taxon 19: 341-344.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Central leaflet blade 4–11 cm, distal margins (1–)3–4(–8)-lobed; stamens 3–4 mm; follicles red-purple.
|[[Achlys triphylla|Achlys triphylla]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Central leaflet blade ca. 7–16 cm, distal margins (3–)6–9(–12)-lobed; stamens 3.8–6 mm; follicles brown.
|[[Achlys californica|Achlys californica]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Achlys
|author=R. David Whetstone; T.A. Atkinson; Daniel D. Spaulding
|authority=de Candolle
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Berberidaceae
|distribution=North America;Asia (Japan)
|reference=fukuda1967a;fukuda1970a
|publication title=Syst. Nat.
|publication year=1821
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_251.xml
|genus=Achlys
|anther dehiscence=dehiscing
|aril presence=absent
|blade-leaf distance=20cm;40cm
|blade-leaf shape=orbiculate
|bracteole presence=absent
|flap quantity=2
|flower architecture=3-merous
|flower coloration=white;cream
|flower prominence=inconspicuous
|flower some measurement=less;6
|foliage leaf quantity=1;few
|fruits follicle architecture=furrowed
|fruits follicle coloration=brown;purplish red
|fruits follicle course=curved
|herb duration=deciduous;perennial
|herb pubescence=glabrous
|herb some measurement=2.5dm;5dm
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf architecture=3-foliolate
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf position=basal
|leaflet blade architecture or shape=asymmetric
|leaflet blade shape=lobed;entire;fan--shaped
|margin architecture=palmate
|margin shape=entire;coarsely sinuate
|ovary placentation=marginal
|ovary shape=ellipsoid
|petal presence=absent
|petiole length or size=long
|petiole size=slender
|placenta development=developed
|pollen exine coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
|rhizome architecture=branching
|rhizome size=extensive
|seed coloration=brown
|seed quantity=1
|sepal presence=absent
|shoot life cycle=flowering
|spike architecture=scapose-pedunculate
|spike density=dense
|stamen atypical quantity=10;13
|stamen quantity=8;10
|stem location=aerial
|stem presence=absent
|x chromosome quantity=6
}}<!--

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