View source for Magnolia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Magnolia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 535. 1753
|year=1753
}}{{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed. 5
|place=240. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Kobus
|authority=Nieuwland
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tulipastrum
|authority=Spach
}}
|hierarchy=Magnoliaceae;Magnolia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Magnoliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Magnolia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Pierre Magnol (1638-1715), professor and director of the botanical garden at Montpellier, France
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;tree duration;shrub duration;shrub duration"><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, deciduous or evergreen.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="pith variability;pith architecture"><b>Pith </b>homogeneous or diaphragmed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;terminal cluster arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>distinctly alternate or sometimes crowded in terminal whorl-like clusters;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule fusion;stipule fusion;stipule position">stipules early deciduous, free or adnate to and proximal on petiole.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;margin architecture or shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade: base deeply cordate or auriculate or cuneate to abruptly narrowed or rounded, margins entire, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="surface coloration;surface coloration;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence">surfaces abaxially chalky white or green to glaucous, pubescent or glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>protogynous, appearing with or before leaves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="tepal quantity;tepal architecture;tepal orientation;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;outermost tepal architecture;outermost tepal orientation;outermost tepal coloration">tepals 9-15, petaloid, usually spreading, creamy white, rarely greenish, yellow, or orange-yellow, outermost tepals sepaloid, sometimes strongly reflexed, greenish;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="stamen duration;torus shape">stamens on elongate torus, early deciduous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="filament coloration;filament coloration;filament height or length or size">filaments white or purple, very short;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence">anthers introrse or latrorse.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="follicle duration;follicle fusion;follicle shape;follicle architecture;follicle dehiscence"><b>Follicles </b>persistent, coalescent, forming conelike aggregate, abaxially dehiscent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="aril coloration;aril coloration;aril coloration;aril coating"><b>Seeds </b>with red, pink, or orange oily aril, extruded from follicles and suspended by funiculi.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="x chromosome quantity">x=19.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Temperate and tropical regions;Western Hemisphere;Asia (Himalayas);Asia (China);Asia (Japan);Asia (Taiwan);Asia (Malaysia);Asia (and Indonesia)
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 120 (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>All species of Magnolia in the flora are cultivated. Many of the Asiatic taxa are also grown in the flora area. Numerous hybrids and cultivars from those taxa have been introduced to horticulture.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=callaway1994a
|text=Callaway, D.J. 1994. The World of Magnolias. Portland.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=coker1943a
|text=Coker, W.C. 1943. Magnolia cordata Michaux. J.Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 59: 81-88.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dandy-a
|text=Dandy, J.E. Notes on Magnolia and related genera. Unpublished manuscript. Botany Department, The Natural History Museum. London.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=heiser1962a
|text=Heiser, C.B. 1962. Some observations on pollination and compatibility in Magnolia. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 72: 259-266.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=johnson1989a
|text=Johnson, D.L. 1989. Species and Cultivars of the Genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) Cultivated in the United States. M.S. thesis. Cornell University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=johnson1989b
|text=Johnson, D.L. 1989b. Nomenclatural changes in Magnolia. Baileya 23(1): 55-56.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=mcdaniel1966a
|text=McDaniel, J.C. 1966. Variations in the sweet bay magnolias. Morris Arbor. Bull. 17(1): 7-12.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=millais1927a
|text=Millais, J.G. 1927. Magnolias. London.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rockwell1966a
|text=Rockwell, H.C. 1966. The Genus Magnolia in the United States. M.S. thesis. West Virginia University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=santamour1969a
|text=Santamour, F.S.Jr. 1969b. Cytology of Magnolia hybrids. I. Morris Arbor. Bull. 20(4): 63-65.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=thien1974a
|text=Thien, L.B. 1974. Floral biology of Magnolia. Amer. J. Bot. 61(10): 1037-1045.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=thien1975a
|text=Thien, L.B., W.H. Heimermann, and R.T. Holman. 1975. Floral odors and quantitative taxonomy of Magnolia and Liriodendron. Taxon 24(5/6): 557-568.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=tobe1993a
|text=Tobe, J.D. 1993. A Molecular Systematic Study of Eastern North American Species of Magnolia L. Ph.D. thesis. Clemson University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=treseder1978a
|text=Treseder, N.G. 1978. Magnolias. Boston.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=vazquez-g1990a
|text=Vázquez-G., J.A. 1990. Taxonomy of the Genus Magnolia in Mexico and Central America. M.S. thesis. University of Wisconsin.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=vazquez-g1994a
|text=Vázquez-G., J.A. 1994. Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America: A synopsis. Brittonia 46(1): 1-23.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade deeply cordate to auriculate at base.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade cuneate to abruptly narrowed or rounded at base.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade abaxially chalky white, sometimes pale green to glaucous, pubescent; foliar buds, twigs, and follicles pubescent.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade abaxially green or glaucous, glabrous; foliar buds, twigs, and follicles glabrous.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Trees to 32m; flowers solitary; follicetums globose-ovoid, 5–8 × 5–7cm; leaf blade 50–110cm; stamens (300–)350–580; pistils 50–80.
|[[Magnolia macrophylla|Magnolia macrophylla]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Trees to 12m; flowers solitary or often paired; follicetums cylindric to nearly ovoid, 2.5–6.5 × 1.5–4cm; leaf blade 17–56cm; stamens 170–350; pistils 20–50.
|[[Magnolia ashei|Magnolia ashei]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blade rhombic-obovate to obovate-spatulate or oblanceolate, usually more than 25cm, gradually tapered from broadest part to base; stamens 100–200, 8–14mm; follicetums 5.5–10 × 2.5–5cm.
|[[Magnolia fraseri|Magnolia fraseri]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blade predominantly pandurate to broadly rhombic-spatulate, usually less than 25cm, abruptly tapered from broadest part to base; stamens 83–137(–150), 4.5–8(–10.5)mm; follicetums 4–6 × 2.5–3.5cm.
|[[Magnolia pyramidata|Magnolia pyramidata]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade abaxially chalky white to glaucous, glabrous or silky-pubescent, somewhat leathery.
|[[Magnolia virginiana|Magnolia virginiana]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade abaxially green to red-brown, glabrous, felted, or pilose, thin- to thick-leathery or not leathery.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Trees evergreen; leaf blade thick-leathery, abaxially glabrous or red-brown felted, adaxially lustrous green; flowers 15–30(–45)cm across, strongly lemony fragrant.
|[[Magnolia grandiflora|Magnolia grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Trees deciduous; leaf blade thin, not leathery, abaxially pale green to whitish, glabrous or pilose, adaxially green; flowers 5.5–11cm across, malodorous or aromatic.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves usually in terminal whorl-like clusters; leaf blade cuneate to long-tapered at base; flowers malodorous, 5.5–11cm across; tepals creamy white, 8–12cm, spreading, outermost tepals reflexed, greenish; follicetums 6–10 × 2–3.5cm; follicles long-beaked.
|[[Magnolia tripetala|Magnolia tripetala]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves not in whorl-like clusters; leaf blade cuneate to truncate or rounded, slightly oblique at base; flowers aromatic, 6–9cm across; tepals greenish, glaucous, occasionally yellow to orange-yellow, usually less than 8cm, erect, outermost tepals reflexed, greenish; follicetums 2–7 × 0.8–2.7cm; follicles short-beaked.
|[[Magnolia acuminata|Magnolia acuminata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Magnolia
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Kobus;Tulipastrum
|basionyms=
|family=Magnoliaceae
|distribution=Temperate and tropical regions;Western Hemisphere;Asia (Himalayas);Asia (China);Asia (Japan);Asia (Taiwan);Asia (Malaysia);Asia (and Indonesia)
|reference=callaway1994a;coker1943a;dandy-a;heiser1962a;johnson1989a;johnson1989b;mcdaniel1966a;millais1927a;rockwell1966a;santamour1969a;thien1974a;thien1975a;tobe1993a;treseder1978a;vazquez-g1990a;vazquez-g1994a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. 5
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_1153.xml
|genus=Magnolia
|anther dehiscence=latrorse;introrse
|apex shape=acute;acuminate
|aril coating=oily
|aril coloration=orange;pink;red
|base shape=auriculate or cuneate;abruptly narrowed or rounded
|filament coloration=purple;white
|filament height or length or size=short
|flower reproduction=protogynous
|follicle architecture=aggregate
|follicle dehiscence=dehiscent
|follicle duration=persistent
|follicle fusion=coalescent
|follicle shape=conelike
|leaf arrangement=crowded;alternate
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|outermost tepal architecture=sepaloid
|outermost tepal coloration=greenish
|outermost tepal orientation=reflexed
|pith architecture=diaphragmed
|pith variability=homogeneous
|shrub duration=evergreen;deciduous
|stamen duration=deciduous
|stipule duration=deciduous
|stipule fusion=adnate;free
|stipule position=proximal
|surface coloration=green;chalky white
|surface pubescence=glabrous;pubescent;glaucous
|tepal architecture=petaloid
|tepal coloration=orange-yellow;yellow;orange-yellow;yellow;greenish;creamy white
|tepal orientation=spreading
|tepal quantity=9;15
|terminal cluster arrangement=whorl-like
|torus shape=elongate
|tree duration=evergreen;deciduous
|x chromosome quantity=19
}}<!--

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