View source for Corydalis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Corydalis
|accepted_authority=de Candolle in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç. ed.
|place=3, 4: 637. 1805, name conserved
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Fumariaceae;Corydalis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fumariaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Corydalis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek korydallis, crested lark
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;herb duration;herb duration;herb duration;herb duration;herb architecture"><b>Herbs,</b> annual, biennial, or perennial, caulescent, from taproots, tubers, or rhizomes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect to prostrate, simple or branching.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>basal and/or cauline, simple or usually compound;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="order quantity">blade with 2-6 orders of leaflets and/or lobes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary or terminal, paniculate or racemose, multifloral, sometimes cleistogamous-flowered (in Corydalis flavula, occasionally C. micrantha).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="flower architecture or shape;flower quantity;flower shape"><b>Flowers </b>bilaterally symmetric about 1 plane;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal duration">sepals caducous or persistent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petal fusion;petal fusion;petal texture">petals distinct or somewhat coherent basally, not spongy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="outer petal architecture or shape;outer petal shape;outer petal architecture or shape;distal marginal wing quantity">outer petals dissimilar, each with median adaxial keel or crest, sometimes with distal marginal wing, 1 basally spurred, the other sometimes gibbous but not spurred;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inner petal fusion">inner petals connate apically;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="nectariferous spur orientation;petal architecture or shape">stamens with nectariferous spur projecting from near base of median filament in bundle opposite spurred petal and adhering to inner surface of petal spur;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="ovary shape;ovary shape;ovary shape">ovary broadly ovoid to obovoid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stigma duration;lobe quantity;horn quantity;stigmatic surface quantity;stigmatic surface shape">stigma persistent, with or without 2 lobes or apical horns, or 4-8 papillar stigmatic surfaces.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="capsule dehiscence;capsule architecture"><b>Capsules </b>dehiscent, 2-valved.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>few-many, reniform to subglobose, elaiosome usually present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="elaiosome presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Temperate North America;Eurasia;and Africa
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (10 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Several native species of Corydalis have been grown as ornamentals, particularly C. scouleri, C. aurea, C. sempervirens, and C. caseana; they may be found as garden escapes in areas of the continent outside their natural ranges. Two Eurasian species that are widely cultivated in the flora area also escape sometimes, but evidently they are not truly naturalized here. Corydalis lutea (Linneaus) de Candolle, reported from New York and Oregon, can be distinguished from the native species that also are rhizomatous perennials by its yellow petals and axillary racemes. Corydalis solida (Linneaus) Swartz (sometimes identified as C. bulbosa Persoon), reported from Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, and southern Ontario, can be distinguished from the native species that also are tuberous perennials by its lack of sepals, pedicels usually longer than 10 mm, and sometimes yellow petals.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ownbey1947a
|text=Ownbey, G. B. 1947. Monograph of the North American species of Corydalis. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 34: 187-260.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ownbey1951a
|text=Ownbey, G. B. 1951. On the cytotaxonomy of the genus Corydalis, section Eucorydalis. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 45(1): 164-186.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ryberg1955a
|text=Ryberg, M. 1955. A taxonomical survey of the genus Corydalis Ventenat, with reference to cultivated species. Acta Hort. Berg. 17(5): 155-175.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants perennial; petals not yellow; stigma as long as or longer than wide; capsules oblong to obovoid, reflexed.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants annual or biennial; petals yellow, or pink tipped yellow; stigma wider than long; capsules narrowly to broadly linear, usually not reflexed.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Roots small, tuberous, usually forked; petals blue, often purple-tinged; stigma rhomboid, narrower toward base; n British Columbia, w Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Alaska.
|[[Corydalis pauciflora|Corydalis pauciflora]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Rhizome or roots large and fleshy; petals pink or white; stigma rectangular or triangular, not narrower toward base; w United States and s British Columbia.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Primary inflorescence axis with ca. 15–35 flowers; inner petals not tipped deep red or purple; stigma ± triangular; capsules obovoid; seeds ca. 3.5 mm diam.
|[[Corydalis scouleri|Corydalis scouleri]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Primary inflorescence axis typically with 50 or more flowers; inner petals tipped red or purple; stigma roughly rectangular; capsules usually ellipsoid; seeds 2–2.5 mm diam.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Blades of proximal cauline leaves with ultimate lobes mostly more than 15 mm; spurred petal with marginal wing conspicuous; petals with crest absent or beaklike.
|[[Corydalis caseana|Corydalis caseana]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Blades of proximal cauline leaves with ultimate lobes 5–15 mm; spurred petal with marginal wing inconspicuous or absent; petals with crest present, wrinkled.
|[[Corydalis aqua-gelidae|Corydalis aqua-gelidae]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals pink, tipped yellow, crests absent, claws of inner petals distinctly longer than blades; seeds ca. 1 mm diam.
|[[Corydalis sempervirens|Corydalis sempervirens]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals pale to bright yellow throughout, crests present, claws of inner petals equal to or shorter than blades; seeds 1.5–2 mm diam.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Spurred petal 7–9 mm, spur incurved, ca. 2 mm; capsules pendent, pedicels long.
|[[Corydalis flavula|Corydalis flavula]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Spurred petal typically 10–22 mm, spur not appreciably incurved, ca. 4–8 mm; capsules erect (or pendent at maturity in Corydalis aurea), pedicels short.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Outer petals with crest conspicuous, marginal wing very broad; capsules usually with basally pustulate whitish hairs.
|[[Corydalis crystallina|Corydalis crystallina]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Outer petals with crest inconspicuous, marginal wing medium to narrow; capsules essentially glabrous.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Plants frequently bearing inconspicuous cleistogamous flowers; seeds ca. 1.5 mm diam.
|[[Corydalis micrantha|Corydalis micrantha]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Plants rarely bearing cleistogamous flowers; seeds ca. 2 mm diam.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Seeds appearing distinctly rough under magnification.
|[[Corydalis curvisiliqua|Corydalis curvisiliqua]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Seeds appearing essentially smooth under magnification.
|[[Corydalis aurea|Corydalis aurea]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Corydalis
|author=Kingsley R. Stern
|authority=de Candolle in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Fumariaceae
|distribution=Temperate North America;Eurasia;and Africa
|reference=ownbey1947a;ownbey1951a;ryberg1955a
|publication title=in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç. ed.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_1081.xml
|genus=Corydalis
|capsule architecture=2-valved
|capsule dehiscence=dehiscent
|distal marginal wing quantity=1
|elaiosome presence=absent
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower quantity=1
|flower shape=plane
|herb architecture=caulescent
|herb duration=perennial;biennial;perennial;biennial;annual
|horn quantity=2
|inflorescence architecture=cleistogamous-flowered;multifloral
|inflorescence arrangement=racemose;paniculate
|inflorescence position=terminal;axillary
|inner petal fusion=connate
|leaf architecture=compound;simple
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe quantity=2
|nectariferous spur orientation=projecting
|order quantity=2;6
|outer petal architecture or shape=not spurred;spurred
|outer petal shape=gibbous
|ovary shape=broadly ovoid;obovoid
|petal architecture or shape=spurred
|petal fusion=coherent;distinct
|petal texture=not spongy
|seed quantity=few;many
|seed shape=reniform;subglobose
|sepal duration=persistent;caducous
|stem architecture=branching;simple
|stem orientation=erect;prostrate
|stigma duration=persistent
|stigmatic surface quantity=4;8
|stigmatic surface shape=papillar
|x chromosome quantity=8
}}<!--

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