View source for Grimmia funalis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Grimmia funalis
|accepted_authority=(Schwägrichen) Bruch & Schimper
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bryol. Europ.
|place=3: 119, fig. 247. 1845,
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trichostomum funale
|authority=Schwägrichen
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grimmia calvescens
|authority=Kindberg
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grimmia imberbis
|authority=Kindberg
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grimmia ryanii
|authority=Limpricht
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grimmia spiralis
|authority=Hooker
}}
|hierarchy=Grimmiaceae;Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae;Grimmia;Grimmia subg. Rhabdogrimmia;Grimmia funalis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Grimmiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Grimmia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Grimmia subg. Rhabdogrimmia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Grimmia funalis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 229, 230, 247, 250
|treatment_page=page 251
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>growing in dense, usually hemispherical cushions, breaking up readily, falling apart into clusters and string-like (spirally twisted leaves) single shoots, grayish green. <b>Stems</b> 2–5 cm, central strand present. <b>Leaves</b> usually spirally arranged when dry, patent when moist, lanceolate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm, appressed, of ± uniform length throughout stem, keeled, margins plane or recurved on one side, in female plants awns long and denticulate, in male plants very short to absent, costa weak proximally, projecting on abaxial side; basal juxtacostal laminal cells elongate, ± sinuose, thick-walled; basal marginal proximal laminal cells short-rectangular, hyaline; medial laminal cells short-rectangular, extremely sinuose, thick-walled; distal laminal cells 2-stratose. <b>Gemmae</b> absent. <b>Sexual</b> condition dioicous. <b>Seta</b> arcuate, 1.5–2 mm. <b>Capsule</b> occasionally present, exserted, yellowish green, obloid, weakly striate, concealed in awns, exothecial cells thin-walled, annulus present, operculum conical to rostellate, peristome teeth orange, split distally, papillose. <b>Calyptra</b> mitrate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Damp acidic rock
|elevation=moderate to high elevations (500-2000 m)
|distribution=Nunavut;Ont.;La.;Mich.;Eurasia.
|discussion=<p><i>Grimmia funalis</i> is frequently misidentified because it is extremely variable in height, color, and length of the awns. In optimal conditions, it forms extremely dense, grayish green cushions that break up easily into clusters and straight single plants. A distinctive feature is the string-like appearance of the dried-up shoots, which results from the spiral twisting of the leaves around the stem. However, Greven has also seen populations without such spirally twisted leaves. Under the microscope, the mid leaf areolation with yellowish, short-rectangular, very thick, and sinuose cell walls is characteristic. The formerly recognized taxa G. calvescens, G. imberbis, and G. ryanii are actually male plants of <i>G. funalis</i>. They grow in separate cushions with muticous to short-awned leaves, deviating greatly from the much taller, long-awned female plants. These male plants might be confused with <i>G. elongata</i>, which frequently grows in the same habitat, or with <i>G. caespiticia</i>. However, in <i>G. elongata</i> the basal cells are pellucid, straight, and thin-walled or only slightly incrassate. In <i>G. caespiticia</i> the basal cells are shorter, tending to be quadrate to short-rectangular, and the leaf apex is cucullate.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Grimmia funalis
|author=
|authority=(Schwägrichen) Bruch & Schimper
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Grimmia calvescens;Grimmia imberbis;Grimmia ryanii;Grimmia spiralis
|basionyms=Trichostomum funale
|family=Grimmiaceae
|habitat=Damp acidic rock
|elevation=moderate to high elevations (500-2000 m)
|distribution=Nunavut;Ont.;La.;Mich.;Eurasia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bryol. Europ.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V27/V27_345.xml
|subfamily=Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae
|genus=Grimmia
|subgenus=Grimmia subg. Rhabdogrimmia
|species=Grimmia funalis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Grimmia subg. Rhabdogrimmia]]