View source for Corallorhiza

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Corallorhiza
|accepted_authority=Gagnebin
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Acta Helv. Phys.-Math.
|place=2: 61. 1755
|year=1755
}}
|common_names=Coral-root;corallorhize
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cladorhiza
|authority=Rafinesque
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Corallorhiza
|authority=Châtelain
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Rhizocorallon
|authority=Gagnebin
}}
|hierarchy=Orchidaceae;Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae;Orchidaceae tribe Cymbidieae;Orchidaceae (tribe Cymbidieae) subtribe Corallorhizinae;Corallorhiza
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orchidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Orchidaceae tribe Cymbidieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Orchidaceae (tribe Cymbidieae) subtribe Corallorhizinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Corallorhiza]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek korallion, coral, and rhiza, root, referring to coral-like appearance of branching, underground rhizome
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 495
|treatment_page=page 633
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, solitary or colonial, mycotrophic, rootless, leafless. <b>Stems</b> erect, yellowish green or brown to purple, glabrous; sheathing bracts few, reduced. <b>Rhizomes</b> branching, coralloid; scales minute. <b>Inflorescences</b> laxly to densely flowered racemes, subtended by 3–4 tubular bracts reduced to closed sheaths, glabrous. <b>Flowers</b> 2–41, inconspicuous to showy; perianth spreading to closed; sepals and petals lanceolate to oblanceolate, apices acute to nearly obtuse; lip broadly obovate, with 2 basal lamellae, often with 2 lateral lobes, narrowed to claw; column curved toward lip, with or without basal auricles; anther incumbent, operculate; pollinia 4, superimposed, yellow, unequal; rostellum triangular; stipe narrowly triangular; ovary narrowly ellipsoid-obovoid, often with small mentum adaxially at distal end. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, pendent, ellipsoid to slightly obovoid, 3-ribbed. <b>Seeds</b> cylindric-fusiform. <b>x</b> = 20, 21.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly temperate regions;North America;Central America;1 circumboreal.
|discussion=<p>Species 11 (7 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Sporadically occurring color forms are known in all <i>Corallorhiza</i> species in the flora, and they range from plants with unspotted petals to completely yellow plants, apparently devoid of anthocyanin. Various genera of fungi are known to be associated with <i>Corallorhiza</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=freudenstein1997a
|text=Freudenstein, J. V. 1997. A monograph of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae). Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(10): 5–51.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lip with upturned margins giving boat-shaped appearance, especially toward apex; mentum absent; lamellae connate for at least part of length.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lip without upturned margins, not giving boat-shaped appearance toward apex; mentum present (although sometimes inconspicuous); lamellae distinct.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Callus at base of lip less than 1/3 length of lip; flowers chasmogamous.
|[[Corallorhiza striata|Corallorhiza striata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Callus at base of lip greater than 1/3 length of lip; flowers cleistogamous.
|[[Corallorhiza bentleyi|Corallorhiza bentleyi]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lip unlobed; lateral sepals upcurved.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lip with 2 small lateral lobes or teeth; lateral sepals spreading or downcurved.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Dorsal sepal less than 4.5 mm, 1-veined; flowering Aug–Oct.
|[[Corallorhiza odontorhiza|Corallorhiza odontorhiza]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Dorsal sepal greater than 4.5 mm, 3-veined; flowering Jan–Jul.
|[[Corallorhiza wisteriana|Corallorhiza wisteriana]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals 1-veined.
|[[Corallorhiza trifida|Corallorhiza trifida]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals 3-veined.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Tip with rounded lateral lobes; mentum obscure, adnate to edge of ovary; dorsal sepal 4.7–15 mm; column 3.3–7.8 mm.
|[[Corallorhiza maculata|Corallorhiza maculata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Tip with acute lateral teeth; mentum prominent, protruding backward along but free from ovary; dorsal sepal 6–12 mm; column 5–8.2 mm.
|[[Corallorhiza mertensiana|Corallorhiza mertensiana]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Corallorhiza
|author=Lawrence K. Magrath;John V. Freudenstein
|authority=Gagnebin
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=Cladorhiza;Corallorhiza;Rhizocorallon
|basionyms=
|family=Orchidaceae
|distribution=Mostly temperate regions;North America;Central America;1 circumboreal.
|reference=freudenstein1997a
|publication title=Acta Helv. Phys.-Math.
|publication year=1755
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_1297.xml
|subfamily=Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae
|tribe=Orchidaceae tribe Cymbidieae
|subtribe=Orchidaceae (tribe Cymbidieae) subtribe Corallorhizinae
|genus=Corallorhiza
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orchidaceae (tribe Cymbidieae) subtribe Corallorhizinae]]