View source for Cynodon

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cynodon
|accepted_authority=Rich.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Chloridoideae;Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae;Cynodon
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Chloridoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cynodon]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 235
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial; sometimes stoloniferous, sometimes also rhizomatous, often forming dense turf. <b>Culms</b> 4-100 cm. <b>Sheaths</b> open; auricles absent; ligules of hairs or membranous; blades flat, conduplicate, convolute, or involute, sometimes disarticulating. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, digitate or subdigitate panicles of spikelike branches; branches (1)2-20, 1-sided, with 2 rows of solitary, subsessile, appressed, imbricate spikelets. <b>Spikelets</b> laterally compressed, with 1(-3) florets, only the lowest floret functional; rachilla extension usually present, sometimes terminating in a reduced floret; disarticulation above the glumes. <b>Glumes</b> usually shorter than the lemmas, membranous, keeled, usually muticous; lower glumes 1-veined; upper glumes 1-3-veined, occasionally shortly awned; lemmas membranous to cartilaginous, 3-veined, keeled, keels with hairs, occasionally winged, apices mucronate or muticous; paleas about as long as the lemmas, 2-keeled; anthers 3; style branches 2, plumose; lodicules 2. <b>x</b> = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;Del.;D.C;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Fla.;N.H.;Puerto Rico;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;B.C.;Md.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Nev.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Virgin Islands;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Kans.;Okla.;Mass.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Mich.;Miss.;Ky.
|discussion=<p><i>Cynodon</i> is a genus of nine species, all of which are native to tropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. Several species are used as lawn and forage grasses in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The most widespread species, <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, is also the most frequently encountered species in the Flora region. It is used for lawns, putting greens, and pastures in southern portions of the region, but is generally considered a weed in other parts.</p><!--
--><p>The status of several species in the Flora region is unclear. Species other than <i>C. dactylon</i> usually grow only under cultivation, but there are scattered records of populations of other species from the southern United States that appear to have become established. Cultivars of <i>C. aethiopicus</i> and C. nlemfuënsis are used for pasture primarily in tropical Florida. <i>Cynodon transvaalensis</i> has had limited commercial distribution as a turf grass.</p><!--
--><p>Many cultivars of <i>Cynodon</i> have been developed, some from hybrids between it and other species such as <i>C. transvaalensis</i>, <i>C. aethiopicus</i>, and C. nlemfuënsis. The cultivars may exhibit combinations of features that are not found in the wild species, making it difficult to accommodate them in a key.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=alderson1995a
|text=Alderson, J. and W.C. Sharp. 1995. Grass Varieties in the United States. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A. 296 pp. [previously published by the Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, as Agricultural Handbook No. 170, revised 1994]
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=assafa1999a
|text=Assafa, S., CM. Taliaferro, M.R Anderson, B.G. de los Reyes, and R.M. Edwards. 1999. Diversity among Cynodon accessions and taxa based on DNA amplification fingerprinting. Genome 42:465-474
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=busey2002a
|text=Busey, P. and S. Boyer. 2002. Bermudagrass speeds: Can fast greens be green? http://www.floridaturf.com/ballroll.htm
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=caro1969a
|text=Caro, J.A. and E.A. Sanchez. 1969. Las especies de Cynodon (Gramineae) de la Republica Argentina. Kurtziana 5:191-252
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=de1970b
|text=de Wet, J.M.J, and J.R. Harlan. 1970. Biosystematics of Cynodon L.C. Rich. (Gramineae). Taxon 19:565-569
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=harlan1969a
|text=Harlan, J.R. and J.M.J, de Wet. 1969. Sources of variation in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Crop Sci. (Madison) 9:774-778
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=harlan1970a
|text=Harlan, J.R., J.M.J, de Wet, W.W. Huffine, and J.R. Deakin. 1970. A guide to the species of Cynodon (Gramineae). Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. B-673:1-37
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hitchcock1951d
|text=Hitchcock, A.S. 1951 [title page 1950]. Manual of the Grasses of the United States, ed. 2, rev. A. Chase. U.S.D.A. Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=jones1992a
|text=Jones, S.D. and G.D. Jones. 1992. Cynodon nlemfuënsis, (Poaceae: Chlorideae) previously unreported in Texas. Phytologia 72:93-95.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lemma keels winged; panicle branches with flattened axes (subg. Pterolemma)
|[[Cynodon incompletus|Cynodon incompletus]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lemma keels not winged; panicle branches with triquetrous axes (subg. Cynodon).
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Glumes 0.1-0.6 mm long
|[[Cynodon plectostachyus|Cynodon plectostachyus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Glumes 1.1-2.6 mm long.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Panicles with 1-3(4) branches; culms 5-30 cm tall; blades 1-1.5 mm wide
|[[Cynodon transvaalensis|Cynodon transvaalensis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Panicles with (2)4-20 branches; culms 5-100 cm tall; blades (1)2-7 mm wide.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Panicles with 2-6(9) branches in a single whorl; culms 5-40(50) cm tall.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Panicles with (2)4-6(9) branches; anthers dehiscent at maturity
|[[Cynodon dactylon|Cynodon dactylon]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Panicles with 2-4 branches; anthers indehiscent at maturity
|[[Cynodon xmagennisii|Cynodon xmagennisii]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Panicles with 4-20 branches in 1-5 whorls; culms 20-100 cm tall.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Lemma keels glabrous or with a few scattered hairs; panicle branches usually in 2-5 whorls, stiff, frequently red or purple; culms 25-100 cm tall, woody
|[[Cynodon aethiopicus|Cynodon aethiopicus]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Lemma keels shortly pubescent; panicle branches usually in 1 whorl, lax, usually green; culms 20-60 cm tall, not woody
|[[Cynodon nlemfuensis|Cynodon nlemfuensis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cynodon
|author=Mary E. Barkworth;
|authority=Rich.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;Del.;D.C;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Fla.;N.H.;Puerto Rico;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;B.C.;Md.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Nev.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Virgin Islands;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Kans.;Okla.;Mass.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Mich.;Miss.;Ky.
|reference=alderson1995a;assafa1999a;busey2002a;caro1969a;de1970b;harlan1969a;harlan1970a;hitchcock1951d;jones1992a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_841.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Chloridoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae
|genus=Cynodon
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae]]