View source for Poaceae subfam. Pharoideae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Poaceae subfam. Pharoideae
|accepted_authority=L.G. Clark & Judz.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pharoideae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pharoideae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 11
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, rhizomatous; monoecious. <b>Culms</b> annual, not woody, solid or hollow. <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline, evidently distichous; sheaths open; auricles absent; abaxial ligules absent; adaxial ligules membranous, ciliate; pseudopetioles prominent, twisted so the blades are resupinate; blades with the lateral veins evident, straight, diverging obliquely from the central vein; mesophyll nonradiate; adaxial palisade layer absent; fusoid cells well developed, large; arm cells weakly to moderately developed; Kranz anatomy not developed; midribs complex; inflated interstomatal cells present; bulliform cells poorly developed or absent; stomates with parallel-sided to dome-shaped subsidiary cells; bicellular microhairs absent; papillae absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> panicles, rachises and branches sometimes disarticulating, hairy, hairs uncinate. <b>Spikelets</b> unisexual, with 1 floret, mostly in staminate-pistillate pairs on short branchlets, some pistillate spikelets solitary. <b>Staminate</b> spikelets smaller than the pistillate spikelets, short- to long-pedicellate; glumes 1-2, membranous, shorter than the floret; lodicules absent or 3 and minute, elliptic, glabrous, veinless; anthers 6. <b>Pistillate</b> spikelets sessile or shortly pedicellate; glumes 2, shorter than the floret; lemmas tubular or inflated, covered wholly or in part with uncinate hairs, unawned; paleas well developed; lodicules absent; ovaries glabrous, without an apical appendage; styles 1, with 3 branches. <b>Caryopses</b>: hila subequal to the caryopses, linear; endosperm hard, without lipid; embryos small; epiblasts present; scutellar cleft present but short; mesocotyl internode absent; embryonic leaf margins overlapping, x = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|discussion=<p>The Pharoideae include one tribe, the Phareae, three genera, and twelve species. It is pantropical, but in the Americas, it is represented by one genus, <i>Pharus</i>, that extends from Florida to Uruguay and Argentina. The Pharoideae is a basal lineage of the <i>Poaceae</i>, and the first subfamily in which an adaxial ligule and true spikelets are found.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=clark1995a
|text=Clark, L.G., W. Zhang, and J.E Wendel. 1995. A phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae) based on ndbY sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20:436—-460
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=clark1996a
|text=Clark, L.G. and E.J. Judziewicz. 1996. The grass subfamilies Anomochlooideae and Pharoideae (Poaceae). Taxon 45:641-645
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=group2001a
|text=Grass Phylogeny Working Group. 2001. Phylogeny and subfamilial classification of the grasses (Poaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88:373-457.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Poaceae subfam. Pharoideae
|author=Grass Phylogeny Working Group;
|authority=L.G. Clark & Judz.
|rank=subfamily
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|reference=clark1995a;clark1996a;group2001a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_2.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pharoideae
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae]]