View source for Apera

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Apera
|accepted_authority=Adans.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Apera
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Apera]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 788
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual; tufted or the culms solitary. <b>Culms</b> 5-120 cm, erect or geniculate, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline; sheaths open, rounded to slightly keeled; collars glabrous, midveins continuous; auricles absent; ligules membranous, often lacerate to erose; blades flat or weakly involute, glabrous. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal panicles; branches strongly ascending to divergent. <b>Spikelets</b> pedicellate, slightly laterally compressed, with 1 floret, rarely more, distal florets, if present, vestigial; rachillas prolonged beyond the base of the floret as a bristle, rarely terminating in a vestigial floret; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the floret. <b>Glumes</b> unequal, lanceolate, scabrous on the distal 1/2, unawned; lower glumes 1-veined; upper glumes slightly shorter than to slightly longer than the florets, 3-veined; calluses blunt, glabrous or sparsely hairy; lemmas firmer than the glumes, folded to nearly terete, obscurely 5-veined, marginal veins not excurrent, apices entire, awned, awns subterminal; paleas about 3/4 as long as to equaling the lemmas, hyaline, 2-veined; lodicules 2, free, glabrous, usually toothed; anthers 3; ovaries glabrous. <b>Caryopses</b> shorter than the lemmas, concealed at maturity, 1.2-2 mm, ellipsoidal, slightly sulcate; hila broadly ovate, 1/5 the length of the caryopses. <b>x</b> = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Ohio;Pa.;B.C.;Ont.;Mass.;Maine;Nev.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Oreg.;Vt.;Ill.;Ind.;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Tex.;Utah;Mo.;Mich.;Ky.
|discussion=<p><i>Apera</i> is genus of three species, native to Europe and western Asia. It is similar to <i>Agrostis</i>. It differs in its firm lemmas; paleas that are always present and equal to the lemma, or nearly so; and prolonged rachillas. In North America, two species have been introduced, growing as weeds in lawns and disturbed ground, and in grain fields.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=warwick1987a
|text=Warwick, S.I., B.K. Thompson, and L.D. Black. 1987. Genetic variation in Canadian and European populations of the colonizing weed species Apera spica-venti. New Phytol. 106:301-317.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Anthers 0.3-0.5 mm long; panicles contracted, 0.4-3 cm wide; most branches spikelet-bearing to within 2 mm of the base
|[[Apera interrupta|Apera interrupta]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Anthers 1-2 mm long; panicles pyramidal, 2-15 cm wide; branches naked at the base for 5 mm or more
|[[Apera spica-venti|Apera spica-venti]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Apera
|author=Kelly W. Allred;
|authority=Adans.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Ohio;Pa.;B.C.;Ont.;Mass.;Maine;Nev.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Oreg.;Vt.;Ill.;Ind.;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Tex.;Utah;Mo.;Mich.;Ky.
|reference=warwick1987a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_1123.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae
|genus=Apera
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]]