View source for Cystopteris protrusa

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cystopteris protrusa
|accepted_authority=(Weatherby) Blasdell
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
|place=21(4): 41. 1963
|year=1963
}}
|common_names=Southern bladder fern;lowland brittle fern
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cystopteris fragilis var. protrusa
|authority=Weatherby
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Dryopteridaceae;Cystopteris;Cystopteris protrusa
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dryopteridaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cystopteris]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cystopteris protrusa]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Stems </b>creeping, not cordlike, internodes long, 0.5–1 cm, with persistent petiole bases, covered with tan to golden hairs, especially toward apex; scales tan to light brown, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, radial walls thin, luminae tan, mostly crowded at stem apex. <b>Leaves</b> seasonally dimorphic, clustered 1 to several cm beyond persistent old petiole bases, especially in late spring and early summer, to 45 cm, bearing sori (earliest leaves smaller, sterile, coarsely divided, margins with rounded teeth; subsequent leaves larger, fertile, more finely divided, margins with sharply pointed teeth). <b>Petiole</b> mostly green to straw-colored throughout, shorter than or nearly equaling blade, base sparsely scaly. <b>Blade</b> ovate to elliptic, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate, widest at or just below middle, apex broadly acute; rachis and costae lacking gland-tipped hairs or bulblets; axils of pinnae lacking multicellular, gland-tipped hairs. <b>Pinnae</b> usually perpendicular to rachis, not curving toward blade apex, margins dentate to serrate; proximal pinnae pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatifid, ± equilateral, basiscopic pinnules not enlarged, basal basiscopic pinnules stalked, base truncate to obtuse; distal pinnae deltate to ovate. <b>Veins</b> mostly directed into teeth. <b>Indusia</b> ovate to cup-shaped, lacking gland-tipped hairs. <b>Spores</b> spiny, usually 28–34 µm. <b>2n</b> = 84.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Sporulating spring–summer.
|habitat=In soil of moist, deciduous forests
|elevation=0–1500 m
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio.;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>The terrestrial habit and characteristic stem features (golden hairs and protruding apex) readily distinguish <i>Cystopteris protrusa</i> from other <i>Cystopteris</i> species with which it may be sympatric (<i>C. tenuis</i>, <i>C. tennesseensis</i>, and <i>C. bulbifera</i>). <i>Cystopteris tennesseensis</i> and <i>C. tenuis</i> are allotetraploids that have <i>C. protrusa</i> as one parent. The other progenitor for <i>C. tennesseensis</i> is <i>C. bulbifera</i>, and a presumably extinct diploid is proposed here as the progenitor for <i>C. tenuis</i>. When <i>C. protrusa</i> is sympatric with either of these derived tetraploid species, sterile triploids are often produced. In addition, there are sterile autotriploids within <i>C. protrusa</i> (C. H. Haufler et al. 1985).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cystopteris protrusa
|author=
|authority=(Weatherby) Blasdell
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Cystopteris fragilis var. protrusa
|family=Dryopteridaceae
|phenology=Sporulating spring–summer.
|habitat=In soil of moist, deciduous forests
|elevation=0–1500 m
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio.;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication year=1963
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_77.xml
|genus=Cystopteris
|species=Cystopteris protrusa
}}<!--

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