View source for Sonchus asper

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sonchus asper
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Hill
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Herb. Brit.
|place=1: 47. 1769
|year=1769
}}
|common_names=Spiny-leaf sow-thistle;laiteron rude
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sonchus oleraceus var. asper
|authority=Linnaeus
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Sonchus;Sonchus asper
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sonchus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Sonchus asper]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 274
|treatment_page=page 275
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or biennials, 10–120(–200+) cm. <b>Stem</b> bases soft, herbaceous, hollow. <b>Leaves</b>: blades of mid cauline spatulate or oblong to obovate or lanceolate, 6–30 × 1–15 cm, bases auriculate, auricles often recurved or curled, rounded, margins often pinnately lobed, lobes ± deltate (not constricted at bases), terminals usually larger than laterals, usually prickly-dentate. <b>Peduncles</b> usually stipitate-glandular, sometimes glabrous. <b>Involucres</b> 9–13+ mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> usually stipitate-glandular. <b>Corollas</b>: ligules mostly shorter than tubes. <b>Cypselae</b> stramineous to reddish brown, mostly ellipsoid, strongly compressed, ± winged, 2–3 mm, ribs 3(–5) on each face, faces smooth across and between ribs; pappi 6–9 mm. <b>2n</b> = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering (Mar–)Jul–Nov (year-round in south).
|habitat=Disturbed sites, roadsides, along streams
|elevation=0–2500+ m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;w Asia;n Africa;introduced also in Mexico;Central America;West Indies;Bermuda;South America;e Asia;s Africa;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|discussion=<p>L. Boulos (1973) distinguished subsp. asper (annuals with leaves mostly cauline, cypselae margins little or not at all curved and/or ciliate, and one pair of chromosomes with small satellites) from <i></i>subsp.<i> glaucescens</i> (biennials with leaves mostly in rosettes, leaves mostly stiffer and more prickly than in subsp. asper, cypselae with curved, ciliate margins, and two pairs of chromosomes with large satellites) and noted that the two subspecies are morphologically rather difficult to distinguish if the specimen in hand lacks the rootstock or stem base.</p><!--
--><p>According to H. N. Barber (1941), crosses between <i>Sonchus asper</i> and <i>S. oleraceus</i> resulted in sterile hybrids.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sonchus asper
|author=
|authority=(Linnaeus) Hill
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Sonchus oleraceus var. asper
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering (Mar–)Jul–Nov (year-round in south).
|habitat=Disturbed sites, roadsides, along streams
|elevation=0–2500+ m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;w Asia;n Africa;introduced also in Mexico;Central America;West Indies;Bermuda;South America;e Asia;s Africa;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Herb. Brit.
|publication year=1769
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_379.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|genus=Sonchus
|species=Sonchus asper
}}<!--

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