View source for Stemodia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Stemodia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|place=10, 2: 1091, 1118, 1374. 1759
|year=1759
}}
|common_names=Twintips
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Plantaginaceae;Stemodia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Plantaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Stemodia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek stemon, stamen, and dis, double, alluding to each stamen bearing two anthers
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 15, 270, 271, 275
|treatment_page=page 279
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs </b>[suffruticose herbs], annual or perennial. <b>Stems</b> erect, ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, hairy [glabrous]. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, opposite or whorled; petiole absent [present]; blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins serrate or denticulate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal or axillary, spikes, racemes, or flowers solitary; bracts present or absent. <b>Pedicels</b> present or absent; bracteoles smaller than calyx lobes, not surrounding calyx of flower they subtend. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual; sepals 5, basally connate, calyx bilaterally symmetric [radially symmetric], tubular, lobes narrowly lanceolate to narrowly triangular, outer lobes ± as wide as inner; corolla blue-purple, lavender, or white, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular, tube base not spurred or gibbous, lobes 5, abaxial 3, adaxial 2; stamens 4, proximally adnate to corolla, didynamous, filaments glabrous [hairy]; staminode 0 or 1, short-cylindric [filiform]; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, dehiscence loculicidal, 4-valved. <b>Seeds</b> 10–150, light brown [black], ovoid or ellipsoid, wings absent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=s United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 52 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Stemodia</i> is closely allied to <i>Leucospora</i>, <i>Limnophila</i>, and <i>Schistophragma</i> in Gratioleae. D. Estes and R. L. Small (2008) found <i>Stemodia</i> to be paraphyletic as now delimited. Of the species in the flora area, only <i>S. schottii</i> was sampled; it appears to be in the cluster containing <i>S. maritima</i> Linnaeus, the type of the genus.</p><!--
--><p>Species of <i>Stemodia</i> can resemble other small-flowered Plantaginaceae but always can be distinguished by their distinct anther cells, their ovoid, loculicidal, four-valved capsules, and their parallel-ridged seeds. <i>Schistophragma</i> has pinnately lobed leaf blade margins, narrowly cylindric, septicidal fruits, and spirally ridged seeds. <i>Leucospora</i> is distinguished by its pinnatifid to bipinnatifid leaf blade margins, pedicels without bracteoles, and septicidal capsules. <i>Limnophila</i> grows in mud or shallow water and has pinnatifid blade margins of submersed leaves.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=turner1993d
|text=Turner, B. L. and C. C. Cowan. 1993. Taxonomic overview of Stemodia (Scrophulariaceae) for North America and the West Indies. Phytologia 74: 61–103.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade surfaces densely white-tomentose, bases not auriculate or clasping.
|[[Stemodia lanata|Stemodia lanata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade surfaces sparsely hairy or sparsely glandular-hairy, bases auriculate or clasping.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences terminal, spikes, racemes, or flowers 1–4 per axil; corollas 5–8 mm.
|[[Stemodia durantifolia|Stemodia durantifolia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences axillary, flowers 1 or 2 per axil; corollas 10–13 mm.
|[[Stemodia schottii|Stemodia schottii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Stemodia
|author=Kerry A. Barringer
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Plantaginaceae
|distribution=s United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia.
|reference=turner1993d
|publication title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|publication year=1759
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_672.xml
|genus=Stemodia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Plantaginaceae]]