View source for Castilleja litoralis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Castilleja litoralis
|accepted_authority=Pennell
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|place=99: 183. 1947
|year=1947
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Castilleja affinis subsp. litoralis
|authority=(Pennell) T. I. Chuang & Heckard
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. wightii subsp. litoralis
|authority=(Pennell) Munz
}}
|hierarchy=Orobanchaceae;Castilleja;Castilleja litoralis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orobanchaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Castilleja]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Castilleja litoralis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 580, 581, 582, 629
|treatment_page=page 624
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, 1–9 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. <b>Stems</b> few to many, usually decumbent proximally, becoming ascending-erect, sometimes ascending, branched, sometimes with small, leafy axillary shoots, glabrate or ± pubescent distally, hairs sparse to moderately dense, spreading to ± appressed, short, soft, sometimes mixed with short-glandular ones below inflorescence. <b>Leaves</b> green, lanceolate to oblong or narrowly ovate, (0.5–)3–8 cm, sometimes thickened, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, flat to involute, 0(–3)-lobed, apex acute to rounded; lobes ascending or spreading, linear, narrowly lanceolate to oblong or triangular, short, apex acute to obtuse. <b>Inflorescences</b> 2.5–21 × 3–5 cm; bracts proximally green, distally bright red to crimson or orange-red, sometimes orange or pale yellow-orange, oblong to narrowly ovate or narrowly obovate, (0–)3–5-lobed, sometimes with a pair of small teeth; lobes ascending, linear to oblong, medium length, arising in middle 1/3, central lobe apex obtuse to rounded or truncate, lateral ones ± acute. <b>Pedicels</b> 0–6 mm. <b>Calyces</b> colored as bracts, 17–25(–30) mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts (5–)7–15(–18) mm, 33–55% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 1–3(–5) mm, 5–10% of calyx length; lobes broadly triangular to oblong, apex obtuse to acute or rounded. <b>Corollas</b> straight or slightly curved, 23–38(–40) mm; tube 10–20 mm; abaxial lip often visible through front cleft, very rarely almost exserted, beak exserted; beak adaxially green or yellowish, 10–16 mm, surface inconspicuously puberulent; abaxial lip ascending, green, reduced, 1–2.5 mm, 10–20% as long as beak; teeth erect or incurved, green or white, 1–2 mm. <b>2n</b> = 120, 144.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering (Apr–)May–Aug(–Sep).
|habitat=Steep rocky slopes, headlands, ledges, sea cliffs, coastal scrub, dune swales, roadcuts.
|elevation=0–200 m.
|distribution=Calif.;Oreg.;Wash.
|discussion=<p><i>Castilleja litoralis</i> never ranges more than one to two kilometers from the sea, from Humboldt County, California, north to Pacific County, Washington, near the mouth of the Columbia River. It is a high polyploid complex, possibly incorporating the genomes of several species, including <i>C. affinis</i>, <i>C. miniata</i>, and possibly <i>C. hispida</i>. The coastal <i>C. miniata </i>var.<i> dixonii</i> is very similar ecologically and morphologically but replaces <i>C. litoralis</i> from southwestern Washington to southern British Columbia. Compared to <i>C. litoralis</i>, <i>C. miniata </i>var.<i> dixonii</i> usually has somewhat longer corollas and corolla beaks, the latter with a more conspicuously puberulent surface and deeper lateral calyx clefts. <i>Castilleja litoralis</i> has been included as a subspecies of <i>C. affinis</i> by some (for example, M. Wetherwax et al. 2012), but the morphological resemblance to that species is far more tenuous than it is to <i>C. miniata </i>var.<i> dixonii</i>. Considering their very similar morphologies, along with the fact that both <i>C. litoralis</i> (2n = 120, 144) and <i>C. miniata </i>var.<i> dixonii</i> (2n = 96, 144) apparently combine multiple genomes, strongly suggest that they would best be treated as a single entity. Should they be combined at the species level following additional research, the name C. dixonii has priority.</p><!--
--><p><i>Castilleja litoralis</i> is often associated with salal, <i>Gaultheria shallon</i>, on which it is likely parasitic.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Castilleja litoralis
|author=
|authority=Pennell
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Castilleja affinis subsp. litoralis;C. wightii subsp. litoralis
|basionyms=
|family=Orobanchaceae
|phenology=Flowering (Apr–)May–Aug(–Sep).
|habitat=Steep rocky slopes, headlands, ledges, sea cliffs, coastal scrub, dune swales, roadcuts.
|elevation=0–200 m.
|distribution=Calif.;Oreg.;Wash.
|reference=None
|publication title=Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|publication year=1947
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_1100.xml
|genus=Castilleja
|species=Castilleja litoralis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Castilleja]]