View source for Grusonia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Grusonia
|accepted_authority=F. Reichenbach ex K. Schumann
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Monatsschr. Kakteenk.
|place=6: 177. 1896
|year=1896
}}
|common_names=Club-cholla
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Corynopuntia
|authority=F. M. Knuth
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Marenopuntia
|authority=Backeberg
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Micropuntia
|authority=Daston
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Opuntia subg. Corynopuntia
|authority=(F. M. Knuth) Bra vo
|rank=subgenus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Opuntia sect. Clavatae
|authority=Engelmann
|rank=section
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Opuntia (sect. Undefined) ser. Clavatae
|authority=(Engelmann) K. Schumann
|rank=series
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae;Grusonia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Grusonia]]</div></div>
|etymology=for Hermann Gruson, 1821–1895, German engineer, and his Magdeburg plant collections
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 95
|treatment_page=page 118
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Shrubs,</b> usually densely branched, forming mats or clumps [erect or decumbent].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root shape;root density;root derivation"><b>Roots </b>tuberlike and/or diffuse, also often adventitious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem segment fixation;stem segment shape;stem segment length;stem segment pubescence;stem segment relief;stem segment architecture or shape;base fragility;base shape;base course"><b>Stem </b>segments firmly attached in most species in the flora to easily dislodged, cylindric-clavate, usually curving upward from near bases, sometimes subspheric, subequal in length, glabrous, strongly tuberculate, sometimes appearing ribbed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="areole arrangement or shape;areole diameter">areoles ± circular, 1–6 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="wool coloration;wool coloration;wool coloration;wool coloration;wool coloration">wool white, gray, or yellow.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="epidermis sheath duration;spine tip coloration"><b>Spines </b>with epidermis sheath deciduous at apices only, exposing yellow spine tips;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="spine quantity;spine size;distal areole shape;distal areole coloration or pubescence or relief;distal areole architecture">at least 1 of major spines in distal areoles angular-flattened to ribbonlike, sometimes cross-striate, sometimes bulbous-based.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="glochid coloration;glochid coloration;glochid coloration;glochid coloration;glochid coloration"><b>Glochids </b>commonly increasing greatly in number with time, in distal areoles, white, yellow, or brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture or shape"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, radially symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inner tepal coloration">inner tepals bright-yellow or rose to purple.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pollen coloration or relief;pollen architecture or coloration or relief"><b>Pollen </b>spinulo-punctate, not reticulate (cylindropuntioid type).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit texture;fruit condition;fruit architecture or pubescence or relief;fruit architecture or shape"><b>Fruits </b>yellow to brownish, narrowly obconic to ellipsoid when fertile, fleshy at first, soon drying, smooth, sometimes spiny;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="tuft prominence;wool length or size;wool coloration">areoles bearing conspicuous tuft of long, white to tan wool.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed architecture or pubescence or relief;seed architecture or pubescence or relief;bump prominence"><b>Seeds </b>yellowish white or pale-yellow to brownish, suborbicular (to rectangular) or flattened, 3–6 mm, smooth or with rows of raised bumps;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="">funicular girdle encircling seeds, not protruding.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="girdle derivation;girdle prominence;x chromosome quantity">x = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=s United States;n Mexico
|discussion=<p>Species 14 (8 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=pinkava1999b
|text=Pinkava, D. J. 1999b. Cactaceae cactus family: Part 4. Grusonia.... J. Arizona-Nevada Acad Sci 32: 8–52.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers rose to purple; spines of fruits hairlike, flexible, antrorsely barbed (high magni- fication)
|[[Grusonia pulchella|Grusonia pulchella]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers yellow; spines of fruits, when present, more rigid, retrorsely barbed
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Major adaxial spine(s) of distal areoles terete to subterete or absent; shrubs forming mats or clumps; roots tuberlike
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Major adaxial spines of distal areoles angular-flattened, at least at bases; shrubs forming mats; roots diffuse
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Major adaxial spine(s) of distal areoles white to brown to black (but not rich red-brown) or absent; longest central abaxial spine commonly twisted or curved, completely chalky white (at least adaxially) except in basal 3 mm or less
|[[Grusonia aggeria|Grusonia aggeria]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Major adaxial spines of distal areoles rich red-brown (or tan); longest central abaxial spine usually straight, brownish, and cross-banded with interrupted, whitish, wavy lines
|[[Grusonia grahamii|Grusonia grahamii]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Tubercles very prominent, broad, 1-3.5 times longer than wide, not or little obscured by interlacing spines
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Tubercles prominent, narrow, 4-6 times longer than wide, obscured by interlacing spines
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stem segments 7-19 × 2.5-5 cm; distal tubercles 25-50 mm
|[[Grusonia emoryi|Grusonia emoryi]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stem segments (2-)3.5-6.5 × (1.5-)2-3 cm; distal tubercles 8-20 mm
|[[Grusonia schottii|Grusonia schottii]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Mature fruits very spiny and glochidiate; plants to 50 cm, in series usually 2-4 stem segments.
|[[Grusonia kunzei|Grusonia kunzei]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Mature fruits not spiny but glochidiate; plants to 20 cm, in series usually 1-2 stem segments
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stem segments 2.5-5(-7.5) cm; distal tubercles 5-10(-16) mm; spines of distal areoles tan or white; longest abaxial spine white, daggerlike, broadly tapered; New Mexico
|[[Grusonia clavata|Grusonia clavata]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stem segments 5-9 cm; distal tubercles 15-25 mm; spines of distal areoles blackish or brown to tan; longest abaxial spine brown to white, narrowly tapered; Arizona, California, Nevada
|[[Grusonia parishii|Grusonia parishii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Grusonia
|author=Donald J. Pinkava
|authority=F. Reichenbach ex K. Schumann
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=Corynopuntia;Marenopuntia;Micropuntia;Opuntia subg. Corynopuntia;Opuntia sect. Clavatae;Opuntia (sect. Undefined) ser. Clavatae
|basionyms=
|family=Cactaceae
|distribution=s United States;n Mexico
|reference=pinkava1999b
|publication title=Monatsschr. Kakteenk.
|publication year=1896
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V4/V4_229.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae
|genus=Grusonia
|areole arrangement or shape=circular
|areole diameter=1mm;6mm
|base course=curving
|base fragility=dislodged
|base shape=cylindric-clavate
|bump prominence=raised
|distal areole architecture=bulbous-based
|distal areole coloration or pubescence or relief=cross-striate
|distal areole shape=angular-flattened;ribbonlike
|epidermis sheath duration=deciduous
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|fruit architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|fruit architecture or shape=spiny
|fruit coloration=yellow;brownish
|fruit condition=drying
|fruit shape=narrowly obconic;ellipsoid
|fruit texture=fleshy
|girdle derivation=funicular
|girdle prominence=not protruding
|glochid coloration=brown;yellow;brown;yellow;white
|inner tepal coloration=rose;purple
|pollen architecture or coloration or relief=not reticulate
|pollen coloration or relief=spinulo-punctate
|root density=diffuse
|root derivation=adventitious
|root shape=tuberlike
|seed architecture or pubescence or relief=with rows;smooth
|seed coloration=pale-yellow;brownish
|seed shape=flattened;suborbicular
|seed some measurement=3mm;6mm
|spine quantity=1
|spine size=major
|spine tip coloration=yellow
|stem segment architecture or shape=ribbed
|stem segment fixation=attached
|stem segment length=subequal
|stem segment pubescence=glabrous
|stem segment relief=tuberculate
|stem segment shape=subspheric
|tuft prominence=conspicuous
|whole_organism architecture=branched
|whole_organism growth form=shrub
|wool coloration=white;tan
|wool length or size=long
|x chromosome quantity=11
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae]]