View source for Tribulus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Tribulus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 386. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Caltrop
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Zygophyllaceae;Tribulus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Zygophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Tribulus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek treis, three, and bolos, a point, for a kind of caltrop, alluding to fruits resembling that ancient metal instrument with three or four spines arranged so that one always projects upward, thrown on the ground to stop cavalry and foot soldiers
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 29
|treatment_page=page 36
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> usually annual, sometimes perennial [rarely subshrubs]. <b>Stems</b> prostrate to suberect, diffusely branched, terete, becoming ridged on drying, to 1[–3] m, somewhat succulent, densely hairy to glabrate. <b>Leaves</b> opposite, even-pinnately compound, one of each pair alternately smaller or sometimes abortive; stipules persistent, herbaceous, subulate to falcate, apex acute; petiolules very short to absent, less than 1 mm; leaflets 6–16(–20), opposite, distinct, oblong to ovate or elliptic, middle pairs largest, base oblique, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces hairy, terminal pair pointed forward. <b>Pedicels</b> emerging from axils of alternately smaller leaves, erect. <b>Flowers</b> solitary, regular; sepals caducous, 5, distinct, green, equal, margins scarious, apex acute, hairy; petals deciduous, 5, imbricate, spreading hemispherically, not twisted, usually bright yellow, rarely white, base often darker, oblong to obovate-cuneate, base not clawed, apex rounded to slightly lobed; nectary 10 glands in 2 whorls, outer whorl 5 ± 2-lobed glands, inner whorls 5 distinct or connate glands; stamens [5–]10, 5 opposite petals somewhat longer; filaments adnate at base to petals, subulate [filiform], unappendaged; anthers cordate to oblong-cordate or sagittate; ovary sessile, 5-lobed, 5-locular, hirsute with stiff, upward-spreading bulbous-based hairs; ovules 3–5 per locule; style deciduous; stigma terminal, slightly asymmetric, 5-lobed, pyramidal or globose, papillose. <b>Fruits</b> schizocarps, horizontally depressed, 5-angled, at maturity dividing septicidally into 5 or rarely fewer mericarps and leaving no central axis; mericarps broadly triangular, apex dorsally crested, tuberculate, spiny [or winged or rarely only tuberculate abaxially], each divided internally by oblique transverse septa into 2–5 1-seeded compartments. <b>Seeds</b> usually 3–5 per mericarp, white, oblong-ovoid. <b>x</b> = 6.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;s Europe;w;s Asia;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands;Australia;generally weedy occupants of dry disturbed habitats;several species widely naturalized in temperate and tropical areas of the world.
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 25 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=porter1968a
|text=Porter, D. M. 1968. The basic chromosome number in Tribulus (Zygophyllaceae). Wasmann J. Biol. 26: 5–6.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=porter1971a
|text=Porter, D. M. 1971. Notes on the floral glands in Tribulus (Zygophyllaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58: 1–5.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers 5(–10) mm diam.; plants annual; leaves 2–4.5 × 1 cm; leaflets 6–12(–16).
|[[Tribulus terrestris|Tribulus terrestris]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers 15–25 mm diam.; plants perennial; leaves 2.5–8.5 × 1–2.6 cm; leaflets 12–16(–20).
|[[Tribulus cistoides|Tribulus cistoides]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Tribulus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Zygophyllaceae
|distribution=Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;s Europe;w;s Asia;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands;Australia;generally weedy occupants of dry disturbed habitats;several species widely naturalized in temperate and tropical areas of the world.
|introduced=true
|reference=porter1968a;porter1971a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_165.xml
|genus=Tribulus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Zygophyllaceae]]