Difference between revisions of "Phragmites australis"

(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
Common names: Common reed Phragmite commun Roseau commun
Synonyms: Phragmites communis Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud.
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Revision as of 18:04, 30 April 2021

Culms 1-4 m tall, 0.5-1.5 cm thick, erect. Ligules about 1 mm, composed of hairs; blades 15-40 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, long-acuminate, disarticulating from the sheath at maturity. Panicles 15-35 cm long, 8-20 cm wide, ovoid to lanceoloid, often purplish when young, straw-colored at maturity; rachilla hairs (4)6-10 mm. Spikelets with 3-10 florets. Lower glumes 3-7 mm; upper glumes (4)5-10 mm; lemmas 8-15 mm, glabrous, linear, margins somewhat inrolled, apices long-acuminate; paleas 3-4 mm, membranous; anthers 1.5-2 mm, purplish; styles persistent. Caryopses 2-3 mm, rarely maturing. 2n = 36, 42, 44, 46, 48, 49-54, 72, 84, 96, 120.

Distribution

Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C., Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Fla., Wyo., N.H., N.Mex., Ind., La., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.), N.S., N.W.T., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., N.C., Nebr., Tenn., Pa., R.I., Nev., Mass., Maine, Vt., Puerto Rico, Colo., Miss., Calif., Ala., Kans., N.Dak., Okla., S.Dak., Ark., Ill., Ga., Iowa, Ariz., Idaho, Mich., Ohio, Minn., Mont., Oreg., S.C., Tex., Utah, Mo., Ky.

Discussion

Phragmites australis grows in wet or muddy ground along waterways, in saline or freshwater marshes, and in sloughs throughout North America. Its tall, leafy, often persistent culms and plumose panicles make it one of our easier species to recognize. In Florida, Neyraudia reynaudiana is sometimes mistaken for P. australis, but the former has glabrous internodes and pilose lemmas.

It is also one of the most widely distributed flowering plants, growing in most temperate and tropical regions of the world, spreading quickly by rhizomes. Once established, it is difficult to eradicate. Its uses include thatching, lattices, arrow shafts, construction boards, mats, and erosion control, and it was used in the past to make cigarettes and superior pen quills.

Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. is sometimes attributed to the Flora region. It supposedly dif¬fers from P. australis as shown below, but all the characters intergrade. For this reason, they are treated here as components of a single species.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

Key

1 Blades smooth on the abaxial surfaces, the apices filiform, flexible; rachilla hairs 6-10 mm long; upper glumes 5-10 mm long Phragmites australis
1 Blades scabrous on the abaxial surface, the apices attenuate, stiff; rachilla hairs 4-7mm long; upper glumes 4-6 mm long Phragmites karka
... more about "Phragmites australis"
Kelly W. Allred +
(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. +
Common reed +, Phragmite commun +  and Roseau commun +
Conn. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Wash. +, Va. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Wis. +, W.Va. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Md. +, Fla. +, Wyo. +, N.H. +, N.Mex. +, Ind. +, La. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.) +, N.S. +, N.W.T. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, N.C. +, Nebr. +, Tenn. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, Nev. +, Mass. +, Maine +, Vt. +, Puerto Rico +, Colo. +, Miss. +, Calif. +, Ala. +, Kans. +, N.Dak. +, Okla. +, S.Dak. +, Ark. +, Ill. +, Ga. +, Iowa +, Ariz. +, Idaho +, Mich. +, Ohio +, Minn. +, Mont. +, Oreg. +, S.C. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Mo. +  and Ky. +
Phragmites communis +  and Phragmites karka +
Phragmites australis +
Phragmites +
species +