Difference between revisions of "Opuntia stricta"

(Haworth) Haworth

Syn. Pl. Succ., 191. 1812.

Common names: Pest pricklypear
Illustrated
Basionym: Cactus strictus Haworth Misc. Nat., 188. 1803
Synonyms: Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawler) Haworth Opuntia inermis (de Candolle) de Candolle Opuntia stricta var. dillenii (Ker Gawle r) L. D. Benson
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 133. Mentioned on page 125, 127.
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|common_names=Pest pricklypear
 
|common_names=Pest pricklypear
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 +
|code=F
 +
|label=Illustrated
 +
}}
 +
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
 
|name=Cactus strictus
 
|name=Cactus strictus
 
|authority=Haworth
 
|authority=Haworth
 +
|rank=species
 +
|publication_title=Misc. Nat.,
 +
|publication_place=188. 1803
 
}}
 
}}
 
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Opuntia dillenii
 
|name=Opuntia dillenii
 
|authority=(Ker Gawler) Haworth
 
|authority=(Ker Gawler) Haworth
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=species
 +
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Opuntia inermis
 
|name=Opuntia inermis
 
|authority=(de Candolle) de Candolle
 
|authority=(de Candolle) de Candolle
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=species
 +
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Opuntia stricta var. dillenii
 
|name=Opuntia stricta var. dillenii
 
|authority=(Ker Gawle r) L. D. Benson
 
|authority=(Ker Gawle r) L. D. Benson
 +
|rank=variety
 
}}
 
}}
 
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae;Opuntia;Opuntia stricta
 
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae;Opuntia;Opuntia stricta
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}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub orientation;shrub orientation;shrub some measurement"><b>Shrubs,</b> sprawling or erect, to 2 m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem segment architecture;stem segment coloration;stem segment shape;stem segment shape;stem segment shape;stem segment atypical length;stem segment length;stem segment atypical width;stem segment width;stem segment relief;stem segment shape;stem segment pubescence;areole prominence"><b>Stem </b>segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, narrowly elliptic or obovate, 10–25 (–40) × 7.5–15 (–25) cm, tuberculate, making margins appear scalloped between raised areoles, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="areole count;areole shape;areole length;areole width">areoles 3–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval, 3–6.5 × 3.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="wool density;wool coloration">wool dense, tan.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="spine count;spine coloration;spine life cycle;spine coloration;spine course;spine course;spine length;spine fragility or size;spine shape;spine atypical some measurement;spine some measurement;spine architecture or shape;direction count;direction orientation"><b>Spines </b>0–11 per areole, in nearly all areoles to only in some marginal areoles or absent, spreading in all directions, yellow, aging brown, straight or curving, the longest stout, oval in cross-section, 12–40 (–60) mm, not markedly barbed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="glochid prominence;glochid count;glochid coloration;glochid life cycle;glochid coloration;glochid orientation;glochid length;glochid some measurement"><b>Glochids </b>inconspicuous, few-to-many in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, yellow, aging brown, often incurved, subequal to increasing in length toward adaxial edge of areole, to 4 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inner tepal coloration;inner tepal some measurement"><b>Flowers:</b> inner tepals light yellow throughout, 25–30 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="filament coloration">filaments yellow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="anther coloration">anthers yellow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="style coloration;stigma lobe coloration">style and stigma lobes yellowish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="fruit coloration;fruit architecture;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit length;fruit atypical width;fruit width;fruit texture;fruit architecture"><b>Fruits </b>purplish throughout, stipitate, ellipsoid or barrel-shaped, 40–60 × 25–30 (–40) mm, juicy, spineless;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="areole count">areoles 6–10.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed length;seed width;surface architecture or course"><b>Seeds </b>tan, subcircular, 4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, with slightly irregular surface;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="girdle prominence;2n chromosome count;2n chromosome count">girdle protruding to 1 mm. <b>2n</b> = 44 (cultivated), 66.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> sprawling or erect, to 2 m. <b>Stem</b> segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, narrowly elliptic or obovate, 10–25(–40) × 7.5–15(–25) cm, tuberculate, making margins appear scalloped between raised areoles, glabrous; areoles 3–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval, 3–6.5 × 3.5 mm; wool dense, tan. <b>Spines</b> 0–11 per areole, in nearly all areoles to only in some marginal areoles or absent, spreading in all directions, yellow, aging brown, straight or curving, the longest stout, oval in cross section, 12–40(–60) mm, not markedly barbed. <b>Glochids</b> inconspicuous, few to many in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, yellow, aging brown, often incurved, subequal to increasing in length toward adaxial edge of areole, to 4 mm. <b>Flowers</b>: inner tepals light yellow throughout, 25–30 mm; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; style and stigma lobes yellowish. <b>Fruits</b> purplish throughout, stipitate, ellipsoid or barrel-shaped, 40–60 × 25–30(–40) mm, juicy, spineless; areoles 6–10. <b>Seeds</b> tan, subcircular, 4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, with slightly irregular surface; girdle protruding to 1 mm. <b>2n</b> = 44 (cultivated), 66.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 +
|phenology=Flowering spring–summer (Feb–Jul).
 
|habitat=Coastal sand dunes, hammocks, edges of maritime forests, shell middens
 
|habitat=Coastal sand dunes, hammocks, edges of maritime forests, shell middens
 
|elevation=0 m
 
|elevation=0 m
 
|distribution=Ala.;Fla.;Ga.;S.C.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South Africa (introduced);Australia (introduced).
 
|distribution=Ala.;Fla.;Ga.;S.C.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South Africa (introduced);Australia (introduced).
|discussion=<p>Opuntia stricta hybridizes with O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming O. ×alta Griffiths (as species) along the coast of southeastern Texas and adjacent Louisiana. The hexaploid hybrid is arborescent to 3 m; it has stem segments subcircular to oblong-ovate, with a glochid pattern intermediate of the putative parents, all yellow spines, and light green stigma lobes.</p>
+
|discussion=<p><i>Opuntia stricta</i> hybridizes with <i>O. engelmannii</i> (apparently <i></i>var.<i> lindheimeri</i>) forming O. ×alta Griffiths (as species) along the coast of southeastern Texas and adjacent Louisiana. The hexaploid hybrid is arborescent to 3 m; it has stem segments subcircular to oblong-ovate, with a glochid pattern intermediate of the putative parents, all yellow spines, and light green stigma lobes.</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
 
|references=
 
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
 
-->{{#Taxon:
 
name=Opuntia stricta
 
name=Opuntia stricta
|author=
 
 
|authority=(Haworth) Haworth
 
|authority=(Haworth) Haworth
 
|rank=species
 
|rank=species
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|basionyms=Cactus strictus
 
|basionyms=Cactus strictus
 
|family=Cactaceae
 
|family=Cactaceae
 +
|phenology=Flowering spring–summer (Feb–Jul).
 
|habitat=Coastal sand dunes, hammocks, edges of maritime forests, shell middens
 
|habitat=Coastal sand dunes, hammocks, edges of maritime forests, shell middens
 
|elevation=0 m
 
|elevation=0 m
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|publication title=Syn. Pl. Succ.,
 
|publication title=Syn. Pl. Succ.,
 
|publication year=1812
 
|publication year=1812
|special status=
+
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_248.xml
+
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_248.xml
 
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae
 
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae
 
|genus=Opuntia
 
|genus=Opuntia
 
|species=Opuntia stricta
 
|species=Opuntia stricta
|2n chromosome count=66;44
 
|anther coloration=yellow
 
|areole count=6;10
 
|areole length=3mm;6.5mm
 
|areole prominence=raised
 
|areole shape=oval
 
|areole width=3.5
 
|direction count=absent
 
|direction orientation=spreading
 
|filament coloration=yellow
 
|fruit architecture=spineless;stipitate
 
|fruit atypical width=30mm;40mm
 
|fruit coloration=purplish
 
|fruit length=40mm;60mm
 
|fruit shape=barrel-shaped;ellipsoid
 
|fruit texture=juicy
 
|fruit width=25mm;30mm
 
|girdle prominence=protruding
 
|glochid coloration=brown;yellow
 
|glochid count=few;many
 
|glochid length=subequal
 
|glochid life cycle=aging
 
|glochid orientation=incurved
 
|glochid prominence=inconspicuous
 
|glochid some measurement=0mm;4mm
 
|inner tepal coloration=light yellow
 
|inner tepal some measurement=25mm;30mm
 
|seed coloration=tan
 
|seed length=4mm;5mm
 
|seed shape=subcircular
 
|seed width=4mm;4.5mm
 
|shrub orientation=erect;sprawling
 
|shrub some measurement=0m;2m
 
|spine architecture or shape=barbed
 
|spine atypical some measurement=40mm;60mm
 
|spine coloration=brown;yellow
 
|spine count=0;11
 
|spine course=curving;straight
 
|spine fragility or size=stout
 
|spine length=longest
 
|spine life cycle=aging
 
|spine shape=oval
 
|spine some measurement=12mm;40mm
 
|stem segment architecture=not disarticulating
 
|stem segment atypical length=25cm;40cm
 
|stem segment atypical width=15cm;25cm
 
|stem segment coloration=green
 
|stem segment length=10cm;25cm
 
|stem segment pubescence=glabrous
 
|stem segment relief=tuberculate
 
|stem segment shape=scalloped;obovate;elliptic;flattened
 
|stem segment width=7.5cm;15cm
 
|stigma lobe coloration=yellowish
 
|style coloration=yellowish
 
|surface architecture or course=irregular
 
|wool coloration=tan
 
|wool density=dense
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Opuntia]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Opuntia]]

Latest revision as of 21:57, 5 November 2020

Shrubs, sprawling or erect, to 2 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, narrowly elliptic or obovate, 10–25(–40) × 7.5–15(–25) cm, tuberculate, making margins appear scalloped between raised areoles, glabrous; areoles 3–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval, 3–6.5 × 3.5 mm; wool dense, tan. Spines 0–11 per areole, in nearly all areoles to only in some marginal areoles or absent, spreading in all directions, yellow, aging brown, straight or curving, the longest stout, oval in cross section, 12–40(–60) mm, not markedly barbed. Glochids inconspicuous, few to many in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, yellow, aging brown, often incurved, subequal to increasing in length toward adaxial edge of areole, to 4 mm. Flowers: inner tepals light yellow throughout, 25–30 mm; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; style and stigma lobes yellowish. Fruits purplish throughout, stipitate, ellipsoid or barrel-shaped, 40–60 × 25–30(–40) mm, juicy, spineless; areoles 6–10. Seeds tan, subcircular, 4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, with slightly irregular surface; girdle protruding to 1 mm. 2n = 44 (cultivated), 66.


Phenology: Flowering spring–summer (Feb–Jul).
Habitat: Coastal sand dunes, hammocks, edges of maritime forests, shell middens
Elevation: 0 m

Distribution

V4 248-distribution-map.gif

Ala., Fla., Ga., S.C., Tex., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South Africa (introduced), Australia (introduced).

Discussion

Opuntia stricta hybridizes with O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming O. ×alta Griffiths (as species) along the coast of southeastern Texas and adjacent Louisiana. The hexaploid hybrid is arborescent to 3 m; it has stem segments subcircular to oblong-ovate, with a glochid pattern intermediate of the putative parents, all yellow spines, and light green stigma lobes.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Opuntia stricta"
Donald J. Pinkava +
(Haworth) Haworth +
Cactus strictus +
Pest pricklypear +
Ala. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, S.C. +, Tex. +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, South Africa (introduced) +  and Australia (introduced). +
Coastal sand dunes, hammocks, edges of maritime forests, shell middens +
Flowering spring–summer (Feb–Jul). +
Syn. Pl. Succ., +
Illustrated +
Opuntia dillenii +, Opuntia inermis +  and Opuntia stricta var. dillenii +
Opuntia stricta +
species +