Difference between revisions of "Smilax bona-nox"
Sp. Pl. 2: 1030. 1753.
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|common_names=Zarzaparrilla | |common_names=Zarzaparrilla | ||
| + | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=W1 | ||
| + | |label= | ||
| + | }}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=F | ||
| + | |label=Illustrated | ||
| + | }} | ||
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Smilax bona-nox var. exauriculata | |name=Smilax bona-nox var. exauriculata | ||
|authority=Fernald | |authority=Fernald | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Smilax bona-nox var. hastata | |name=Smilax bona-nox var. hastata | ||
|authority=(Willdenow) A. de Candolle | |authority=(Willdenow) A. de Candolle | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Smilax bona-nox var. hederifolia | |name=Smilax bona-nox var. hederifolia | ||
|authority=(Beyrich ex Kunth) Fernald | |authority=(Beyrich ex Kunth) Fernald | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Smilax bona-nox var. littoralis | |name=Smilax bona-nox var. littoralis | ||
|authority=Coker | |authority=Coker | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Smilax hastata | |name=Smilax hastata | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Smilax hederifolia | |name=Smilax hederifolia | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Smilax renifolia | |name=Smilax renifolia | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Smilax variegata | |name=Smilax variegata | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Smilacaceae;Smilax;Smilax bona-nox | |hierarchy=Smilacaceae;Smilax;Smilax bona-nox | ||
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-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Smilax bona-nox | name=Smilax bona-nox | ||
| − | |||
|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|publication title=Sp. Pl. | |publication title=Sp. Pl. | ||
|publication year=1753 | |publication year=1753 | ||
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=W1;Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_982.xml |
|genus=Smilax | |genus=Smilax | ||
|species=Smilax bona-nox | |species=Smilax bona-nox | ||
Latest revision as of 21:18, 5 November 2020
Vines; rhizomes tuberous, woody, or stoloniferous. Stems perennial, climbing, often zigzag distally, branched, terete to 4-angled, stout, to 5+ m × 5 mm, woody, glabrous or infrequently with stellate trichomes; prickles often absent distally, tips black, flattened, broad- based, stout, 4–9 mm, rigid. Leaves evergreen, ± evenly dispersed; petiole 0.7–1.5 cm; blade pale green, often with white blotches, drying to uniform tan, thickish, broadly ovate to lanceolate-ovate or hastate to pandurate, with 3(–5) ± prominent veins, 3–10 × 2.5–9 cm, not glaucous, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially, base cordate to truncate, frequently lobed; margins entire to remotely spinose-ciliate, thickened by ribbed, cartilaginous band, often revolute and appearing as prominent vein parallel to margins, apex rounded to short-apiculate. Umbels few to numerous, axillary to leaves, 10–15+-flowered, moderately dense; peduncle 1.5–6+ cm. Flowers: perianth pale green; tepals 3–4.5 mm; anthers shorter than to ± equaling filaments; ovule 1 per locule; pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm. Berries black, ovoid to spherical, 6–8 mm, shiny to dull, sometimes glaucous. 2n = 32.
Phenology: Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat: Well-drained to wet areas in woods, fields, thickets, hedgerows, floodplain forests, etc., full to partial sun
Elevation: 0–1000 m
Distribution
Ala., Ark., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.C., Ohio, Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., Mexico, West Indies.
Discussion
Numerous varieties, based mainly on differences in leaf shape, have been proposed for Smilax bona-nox. Variation is so great even in individual plants that recognition of these varieties is untenable. J. A. Steyermark (1963) suggested that leaf variation may be correlated with stages of plant maturity. The species often may be considered weedy, occurring in very dense, tangled masses.
Selected References
None.