View source for Encalypta

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Encalypta
|accepted_authority=Hedwig
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Musc. Frond.,
|place=60. 1801 ,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Encalyptaceae;Encalypta
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Encalyptaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Encalypta]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek en, in, and kalyptos, cover or veil or lid, alluding to the calyptra
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 10, 171, 173, 265
|treatment_page=page 172
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>small to medium sized, frequently gregarious. <b>Stems</b> irregularly branched, occasionally tomentose; central strand absent or weakly differentiated. <b>Leaves</b> oblong, elliptic, narrowly spathulate or occasionally lanceolate; apex broadly acute to rounded, mucronate to hair-pointed, occasionally cucullate; margins plane to weakly recurved on one or both sides, entire; costa single, subpercurrent to long-excurrent, awn smooth, hyaline; distal laminal cells more or less quadrate, papillose on one or both exposed surfaces with several large, branching or C-shaped papillae; marginal cells sometimes longer proximally, forming a very weak border; basal cells long-rectangular, thin-walled, generally smooth, cross walls frequently distinctly colored. <b>Sexual</b> condition autoicous. <b>Seta</b> elongate, smooth, brown to red or dark red. <b>Capsule</b> generally long-exserted or just emergent, erect to inclined, cylindric, smooth or distinctly furrowed; gymnostomous or peristomate, stomata few; peristome single, double or absent, exostome frequently reduced to small, irregular projections or teeth long, narrow, papillose; operculum usually conic-rostrate. <b>Calyptra</b> smooth or papillose distally or frequently only on rostrum, entire, fringed or lacerate below, fringe small or well developed. <b>Spores</b> generally large, ornamentation papillose to warty, or ridged.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 34 (14 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The large, straw-colored calyptrae of <i>Encalypta</i> are generally present in mature colonies, growing on shallow soil over rock in exposed or moderately sheltered recesses. <i>Encalypta</i> can be separated from the only other genus in the family, <i>Bryobrittonia</i>, by papillose distal leaf cells and more or less entire leaf margins.</p><!--
--><p>Excluded Species:</p><!--
--><p><i>Encalypta</i> microstoma Balsamo & De Notaris</p><!--
--><p>No specimens were seen; see D. G. Horton (1983).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Vegetative leaves without long awn; apex muticous, mucronate, or apiculate
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Some or all vegetative leaves with distinct awns; apex broad to obtuse or acute
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems covered with dense mass of rhizoidal gemmae.
|[[Encalypta procera|Encalypta procera]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems without rhizoidal gemmae
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Costa short-excurrent or percurrent; peristome present
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Costa ending before apex on most leaves; peristome absent
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves oblong to elliptical, 4-6 mm; regularly apiculate; peristome single.
|[[Encalypta ciliata|Encalypta ciliata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves ligulate to lingulate or narrowly lanceolate, 3-5 mm; costa ending before apex or short-excurrent; peristome double.
|[[Encalypta affinis|Encalypta affinis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves broadly oblong to elliptical, 3-4 mm; calyptra fringed or not
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves elliptical to ligulate or lingulate, 1-3 mm; calyptra lacerate
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Calyptra base not fringed; costa generally smooth distally adaxially; capsule weakly striate; spores warty, 22-35 µm.
|[[Encalypta vulgaris|Encalypta vulgaris]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Calyptra irregularly fringed at base; costa papillose distally adaxially; capsule smooth to slightly wrinkled; spores finely pitted, 30-35 µm.
|[[Encalypta texana|Encalypta texana]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves broadly elliptical to ligulate, 1-2 mm; margins plane to weakly recurved along one margin; spores papillose, 25-28 µm.
|[[Encalypta mutica|Encalypta mutica]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves broadly oblong to lingulate, 2-3 mm; margins plane; spores ridged, 35-40 µm
|[[Encalypta flowersiana|Encalypta flowersiana]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves apiculate to short-awned
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves short- to long-awned
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Peristome well developed; leaf apex broad to obtuse
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Peristome weak or absent; leaf apex acute
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Capsules distinctly ribbed; spores warty, 35-37 µm; leaves oblong to lingulate, 1.5-2.5 mm
|[[Encalypta vittiana|Encalypta vittiana]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Capsules ± smooth, not ribbed; spores granulate, 60-80 µm; leaves narrowly spathulate to lingulate, 1.3-2.5 mm.
|[[Encalypta longicollis|Encalypta longicollis]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaves lanceolate; peristome absent.
|[[Encalypta alpina|Encalypta alpina]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaves narrowly oblong; peristome present, weak.
|[[Encalypta rhaptocarpa|Encalypta rhaptocarpa]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Peristome absent
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Peristome present
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Leaves oblong, 1.7-3 mm; seta elongate.
|[[Encalypta spathulata|Encalypta spathulata]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Leaves broadly oblong to oval-spathulate, 2-4 mm; seta short.
|[[Encalypta brevipes|Encalypta brevipes]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Capsules strongly ribbed
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Capsules not noticeably ribbed
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Calyptra base fringed; leaves lingulate, apiculate to very short-awned.
|[[Encalypta vittiana|Encalypta vittiana]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Calyptra base erose; leaves oblong-lanceolate, generally with a distinct awn
|[[Encalypta rhaptocarpa|Encalypta rhaptocarpa]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaves ligulate to narrowly spathulate, 1.5-3.5 mm; capsules short- cylindric; spores granulate.
|[[Encalypta longicollis|Encalypta longicollis]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaves broad oblong to oblong spathulate, 2-6 mm; capsules cylindric; spores warty or ridged.
|[[Encalypta brevicollis|Encalypta brevicollis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Encalypta
|authority=Hedwig
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Encalyptaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Musc. Frond.,
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V27/V27_220.xml
|genus=Encalypta
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Encalyptaceae]]