View source for Encelia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Encelia
|accepted_authority=Adanson
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fam. Pl.
|place=2: 128. 1763
|year=1763
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae;Encelia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Encelia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Christoph Entzelt (Christophorus Enzelius), 1517–1583, German naturalist
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 65, 66, 119, 120
|treatment_page=page 118
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> subshrubs, or shrubs (10–)30–150 cm. <b>Stems</b> erect, usually branched from bases, often throughout (scapiform in E. nutans and E. scaposa). <b>Leaves</b> usually cauline, sometimes basal (E. nutans and E. scaposa); alternate (usually drought-deciduous); petiolate (obscurely in E. scaposa); blades (1- or 3-nerved) mostly deltate, lanceolate, rhombic, or ovate (narrowly oblanceolate to linear in E. scaposa), bases broadly to narrowly cuneate, margins usually entire, rarely toothed, face glabrous or canescent, hirtellous, scabrellous, strigose, or tomentose, often gland-dotted as well. <b>Heads</b> radiate or discoid, borne singly or in ± paniculiform arrays (peduncles usually longer than involucres). <b>Involucres</b> ± hemispheric or broader, 4–22 mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, 18–30(–50+) in 2–3+ series (subequal to unequal, outer shorter). <b>Receptacles</b> flat or convex, paleate (paleae ± conduplicate, folded around and falling with cypselae). <b>Ray</b> florets 0 or 8–25(–40), neuter; corollas yellow. <b>Disc</b> florets 80–100(–200+), bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow or brown-purple, tubes shorter than to equaling abruptly expanded throats, lobes 5, triangular. <b>Cypselae</b> strongly compressed, obovate to cuneate (margins ciliate, apices usually ± notched except in E. scaposa, faces usually glabrous except in E. scaposa); pappi usually 0, sometimes readily falling or persistent, of 2 bristlelike awns. <b>x</b> = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=sw United States;Mexico;South America.
|discussion=<p>Species 13 or 14 (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Encelias commonly hybridize, especially in disturbed areas: Encelia farinosa × E. frutescens is common; E. farinosa × E. californica, E. farinosa × E. actoni, E. actoni × E. frutescens, E. frutescens × E. virginensis, and E. farinosa × Geraea canescens have been reported.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=clark1998a
|text=Clark, C. 1998. Phylogeny and adaptation in the Encelia alliance (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Aliso 17: 89–98.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perennials; leaves all or mostly basal
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Subshrubs or shrubs; leaves cauline
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Ray florets 20–40
|[[Encelia scaposa|Encelia scaposa]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Ray florets 0 (heads nodding in fruit)
|[[Encelia nutans|Encelia nutans]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray florets 0
|[[Encelia frutescens|Encelia frutescens]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray florets 8–25
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads in paniculiform arrays; leaves tomentose to strigose
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads borne singly; leaves glabrous or canescent, scabrous, and/or strigose (not tomentose)
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves tomentose (branching among heads mainly distal; ray florets 11–21, corolla laminae 8–12 mm)
|[[Encelia farinosa|Encelia farinosa]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves tomentose to strigose (branching among heads mainly proximal; ray florets fewer and smaller)
|[[Encelia farinosa × E. frutescens (see Encelia farinosa)|Encelia farinosa × E. frutescens (see Encelia farinosa)]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves glabrous or glabrate; disc corollas brown (ray laminae lengths 1.5–2 times disc diams.)
|[[Encelia californica|Encelia californica]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves scabrous, strigose, and/or canescent; disc corollas yellow (ray laminae lengths 1–1.2 times disc diams.)
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves scabrous to strigose (not canescent)
|[[Encelia resinifera|Encelia resinifera]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves canescent, sometimes strigose as well
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves sparsely canescent and strigose; rays 11–21, laminae 8–15 mm (relatively deeply toothed)
|[[Encelia virginensis|Encelia virginensis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves ± silvery-canescent (not strigose); rays 14–25, laminae 10–25 mm (relatively shallowly toothed)
|[[Encelia actoni|Encelia actoni]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Encelia
|author=Curtis Clark
|authority=Adanson
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=sw United States;Mexico;South America.
|reference=clark1998a
|publication title=Fam. Pl.
|publication year=1763
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_289.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae
|genus=Encelia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]