View source for Epilobium brachycarpum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Epilobium brachycarpum
|accepted_authority=C. Presl
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Reliq. Haenk.
|place=2: 30. 1831
|year=1831
}}
|common_names=Tall annual willowherb;épilobe d’automne
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Epilobium adenocladum
|authority=(Haussknecht) Rydberg (as adenocladon)
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. altissimum
|authority=Suksdorf
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. apricum
|authority=Suksdorf
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. fasciculatum
|authority=Suksdorf
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. hammondii
|authority=Howell
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. jucundum
|authority=A. Gray
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. jucundum var. viridifolium
|authority=Suksdorf
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. laevicaule
|authority=Rydberg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. paniculatum
|authority=Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. paniculatum var. hammondii
|authority=(Howell) M. Peck
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. paniculatum var. jucundum
|authority=(A. Gray) Trelease
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. paniculatum var. laevicaule
|authority=(Rydberg) Munz
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. paniculatum var. subulatum
|authority=(Haussknecht) Fernald
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. paniculatum var. tracyi
|authority=(Rydberg) Munz
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. subulatum
|authority=(Haussknecht) Rydberg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=E. tracyi
|authority=Rydberg
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Onagraceae;Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae;Epilobium;Epilobium sect. Xerolobium;Epilobium brachycarpum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Onagraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Epilobium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Epilobium sect. Xerolobium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Epilobium brachycarpum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 10
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs </b>slender. <b>Stems</b> erect, terete, 15–200 cm, simple to paniculate-branched (especially in larger plants), glabrous proximally, strigillose distally, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent. <b>Leaves</b> subsessile or petiole 1–4 mm, blade linear to linear-lanceolate or narrowly elliptical, often folded along midrib, 1–5.5(–7) × 0.1–0.8 cm, usually shorter than internodes, base tapered or cuneate, margins remotely denticulate, 2–10 teeth per side, lateral veins obscure, 2–5 per side, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces subglabrous and sometimes glaucous to strigillose; bracts very reduced, sometimes attached to pedicel. <b>Inflorescences</b> erect, open panicles with filiform branches or simple racemes, glabrous or strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent. <b>Flowers</b> usually erect; buds 1–12 × 1–3.5 mm; floral tube obconic to funnel-form, 1–16 × 0.8–2.9 mm, with ring of spreading hairs near mouth inside, in larger flowers, ring swollen; sepals green to reddish green, 1–8.5 × 0.8–2.1 mm, apex acute, abaxial surface strigillose and glandular puberulent to subglabrous; petals white to pink or deep rose-purple, 1.5–15(–20) × 1–7.5 mm, apical notch 0.5–6.5 mm; filaments usually cream-white, rarely pink, those of longer stamens 1–9.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.5–6.3 mm; anthers cream, 0.5–4 × 0.3–2 mm; ovary 2–16 mm, strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent, to subglabrous; style cream, 2–18 mm, stigma clavate to subcapitate, entire to deeply 4-lobed, 0.5–1.9 × 0.3–2.5 mm, surrounded by stamens or (in some larger flowers) exserted beyond anthers. <b>Capsules</b> erect or ascending, 15–32 mm, surfaces strigillose and glandular puberulent or glabrous; pedicel 1–17 mm. <b>Seeds</b> obovoid to broadly obovoid, with constriction 0.3–0.7 mm from micropylar end, 1.5–2.7 × 0.8–1.3 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, brown or gray, often flecked with darker spots, surface low papillose; coma easily detached, white to dingy white, 5–10 mm. <b>2n</b> = 24.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Sep.
|habitat=Open, dry or seasonally moist, often disturbed ground in open woods, meadows, prairies, roadsides and stream banks.
|elevation=0–3000 m.
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Ky.;Mont.;Nev.;N.Mex.;N.Dak.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Utah;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;introduced in South America (Argentina);Europe (Germany;Spain).
|discussion=<p>The presence of Epilobium brachycarpum in Kentucky and Wisconsin is in railroad yards, so possibly ephemeral. This species occurs as an adventive in Argentina, possibly by natural long-distance dispersal (J. C. Solomon 1982), and in Spain (J. Izco 1983) and Germany (T. Gregor et al. 2013), probably from human introduction, since it frequently occurs as a weed on margins of cultivated fields (L. H. Shinners 1941).</p><!--
--><p>Most populations of this self-compatible species have small autogamous flowers, but some populations with larger outcrossing flowers that exhibit marked protandry and herkogamy are pollinated by bees, butterflies, and occasionally hummingbirds.</p><!--
--><p>Mature plants of Epilobium brachycarpum sometimes have only alternate or fasciculate leaves. However, seedlings always have opposite leaves in first pairs, but these are often deciduous.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Epilobium brachycarpum
|authority=C. Presl
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Epilobium adenocladum;E. altissimum;E. apricum;E. fasciculatum;E. hammondii;E. jucundum;E. jucundum var. viridifolium;E. laevicaule;E. paniculatum;E. paniculatum var. hammondii;E. paniculatum var. jucundum;E. paniculatum var. laevicaule;E. paniculatum var. subulatum;E. paniculatum var. tracyi;E. subulatum;E. tracyi
|basionyms=
|family=Onagraceae
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Sep.
|habitat=Open, dry or seasonally moist, often disturbed ground in open woods, meadows, prairies, roadsides and stream banks.
|elevation=0–3000 m.
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Ky.;Mont.;Nev.;N.Mex.;N.Dak.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Utah;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;introduced in South America (Argentina);Europe (Germany;Spain).
|reference=None
|publication title=Reliq. Haenk.
|publication year=1831
|special status=
|source xml=https://xjsachs2@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/1f4bf54ae2f7dbd5376c45b4fe1b388e15b53086/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V10/V10_283.xml
|subfamily=Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae
|genus=Epilobium
|section=Epilobium sect. Xerolobium
|species=Epilobium brachycarpum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Epilobium sect. Xerolobium]]