View source for Hippuris

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hippuris
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 4. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Mare’s tail
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Plantaginaceae;Hippuris
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Plantaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hippuris]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek hippos, horse, and oura, tail, alluding to appearance of stem and leaves
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 5, 11, 12, 56
|treatment_page=page 55
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial; rhizomatous, emergent aquatics in fresh or brackish water. <b>Stems</b> erect, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, whorled; petiole absent; blade not fleshy, not leathery (fleshy or leathery in <i>H. tetraphylla</i>), margins entire. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, flowers solitary; bracts absent. <b>Pedicels</b> present (proximal) or absent (distal); bracteoles absent. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual or unisexual; caly× a minute rim adhering to summit of inferior ovary; petals 0; stamen 1, adnate to ovary, filaments glabrous; staminode 0; ovary 1-locular, placentation apical; stigma linear along surfaces of style. <b>Fruits</b> drupes. <b>Seeds</b> 1, brownish, globular, wings absent. <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;South America;Eurasia;introduced in Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 4 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Leaf characteristics of <i>Hippuris</i> used here are derived from whorls on the emergent portions of the stems; morphology of submerged leaves differs sharply from that of emergent shoots.</p><!--
--><p>M. E. McCully and H. M. Dale (1961) proposed that the taxa treated below all could be expressions of phenotypic plasticity of <i>Hippuris vulgaris</i> developed in different regimes of salts and photoperiod; this was not accepted by E. Hultén (1973), nor is it accepted here. Number of leaves in a whorl varies among plants and even on the same stem. Nevertheless, there are clear limits and discontinuities in leaf number and shape among taxa, which are well-correlated with less variable characters as well as with ecology and geography.</p><!--
--><p><i>Hippuris</i> has been placed in Halagoraceae or in Hippuridaceae as a monogeneric family. Molecular phylogenetic studies now place it in Plantaginaceae (D. C. Albach et al. 2005).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=mccully1961a
|text=McCully, M. E. and H. M. Dale. 1961. Heterophylly in Hippuris, a problem in identification. Canad. J. Bot. 39: 1099–1116.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers unisexual; leaves 2–10 mm, midveins often conspicuous, lateral veins absent; stems 15–100 mm; rhizomes 1 mm diam.
|[[Hippuris montana|Hippuris montana]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers bisexual; leaves 3–35 mm, midveins inconspicuous, lateral veins present, sometimes obscure; stems 80–500 mm; rhizomes (2–)3–7 mm diam.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves on mid portions of emergent shoots in whorls of (7 or)8 or 9(–12), tips often curled in dried plants; filaments longer than anthers.
|[[Hippuris vulgaris|Hippuris vulgaris]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves on mid portions of emergent shoots in whorls of 3–6(or 7), tips not curled in dried plants; filaments equal to or shorter than anthers.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves on mid portions of emergent shoots in whorls of (5 or)6(or 7), linear to narrowly oblong or lanceolate, 0.5–1.5 mm wide, apices subacute.
|[[Hippuris lanceolata|Hippuris lanceolata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves on mid portions of emergent shoots in whorls of 3–5(or 6), oblanceolate or oblong to broadly obovate, 2–8 mm wide, apices obtuse, rounded, or blunt.
|[[Hippuris tetraphylla|Hippuris tetraphylla]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hippuris
|author=Reidar Elven;David F. Murray;Heidi Solstad
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Plantaginaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;South America;Eurasia;introduced in Australia.
|reference=mccully1961a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_165.xml
|genus=Hippuris
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Plantaginaceae]]