View source for Madia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Madia
|accepted_authority=Molina
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili,
|place=136, 354. 1782
|year=1782
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae;Madia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Madia]]</div></div>
|etymology=From native name in Chile
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 255, 257, 295, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304
|treatment_page=page 303
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> 5–250 cm. <b>Stems</b> erect. <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline (at flowering) proximal opposite (often in rosettes), distal alternate; sessile; blades lanceolate or oblong-linear to linear, margins usually entire, sometimes toothed, faces hirsute to strigose, usually glandular-pubescent as well. <b>Heads</b> usually radiate (sometimes discoid in <i>M. glomerata</i>), in corymbiform, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays or in glomerules. <b>Peduncular</b> bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0. <b>Involucres</b> ellipsoid, depressed-globose, globose, obconic, ovoid, or urceolate, 1–10+ mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> 0 (then outer paleae functioning as phyllaries, sometimes in <i>M. glomerata</i>), or 1–22 in 1 series (lance-linear to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each mostly or wholly enveloping a subtended ray ovary, abaxially hirsute and, usually, glandular). <b>Receptacles</b> flat to convex, glabrous or setulose, paleate (paleae persistent or falling readily, in 1 series between rays and discs, ± connate or distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious). <b>Ray</b> florets 0 (sometimes in <i>M. glomerata</i>), or 1–22, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellowish (with maroon bases sometimes in <i>M. elegans</i>; purplish red sometimes in <i>M. sativa</i>). <b>Disc</b> florets 1–80+, bisexual and fertile or functionally staminate; corollas usually yellow, sometimes purplish, tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers ± dark purple or yellow to brownish; styles glabrous proximal to branches). <b>Ray</b> cypselae compressed, ± 3-angled, or rarely terete, clavate (often arcuate, basal attachments central or offset, apices sometimes beaked, faces glabrous); pappi 0. <b>Disc</b> cypselae similar, sometimes obovoid (often ± straight, basal attachments central, apices not beaked), sometimes 0; pappi 0. <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;South America;Pacific Islands (Hawaii;probably introduced).
|discussion=<p>Species 10 (10 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Madia</i> is more narrowly circumscribed here than in previous treatments by D. D. Keck (1959) and others. Molecular phylogenetic data have indicated that <i>Madia</i> in those earlier senses is not monophyletic (B. G. Baldwin 1996). As treated here, <i>Madia</i> comprises all members of Keck’s informal “section <i>Madia</i>” except <i>M. minima</i> (= <i>Hemizonella</i>) (Baldwin 1999b). Most species are reportedly either cross-incompatible or intersterile (J. Clausen 1951).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray laminae 6–19 mm; paleae readily falling; anthers yellow to brownish; ray cypselae beaked (beaks adaxially offset, curved)
|[[Madia radiata|Madia radiata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray laminae 0.7–20 mm (rays sometimes 0 in M. glomerata); paleae mostly persistent; anthers yellow to brownish or ± dark purple; ray cypselae sometimes beaked.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants self-incompatible (heads showy) or self-compatible (heads not showy); disc florets functionally staminate (cypselae 0, ovary walls remaining pallid, membranous)
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants self-compatible (heads not showy); disc florets bisexual (forming cypselae, ovary walls becoming dark, rigid)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray laminae greenish yellow, 4–11 mm; anthers ± dark purple; ray cypselae ± 3-angled (abaxial sides broadly rounded, adaxial sides 2-faced, angles between those faces ca.70°), glossy
|[[Madia citriodora|Madia citriodora]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray laminae bright yellow (sometimes with maroon bases), 4–20 mm; anthers yellow to brownish or ± dark purple; ray cypselae compressed (abaxial sides slightly rounded, adaxial sides 2-faced, angles between those faces 15–45°), dull or glossy
|[[Madia elegans|Madia elegans]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads usually in glomerules, sometimes in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; involucres narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid; ray florets 0 or 1–3
|[[Madia glomerata|Madia glomerata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads in crowded or open, corymbiform, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays; involucres depressed-globose, globose, obovoid, ovoid, or urceolate; ray florets (1–)3–13(–14)
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems 1–30(–60) cm; phyllaries glandular-pubescent (glands golden yellow), apices ± erect, often sulcate; anthers yellow to brownish
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems 10–200 cm; phyllaries glandular-pubescent (glands black, purple, or yellow), apices ± reflexed, flat; anthers ± dark purple
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Heads in ± spiciform arrays; involucres globose or ovoid, 6–8 mm; disc florets5–15, corollas pubescent; ray cypselae sometimes purple-mottled, beakless
|[[Madia subspicata|Madia subspicata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Heads in racemiform or paniculiform arrays (peduncles filiform); involucres depressed-globose, 3–5 mm; disc florets 1(–2), corollas glabrous; ray cypselae black, beaked (beaks adaxially offset, curved)
|[[Madia exigua|Madia exigua]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Ray cypselae black or purple, terete, glossy
|[[Madia anomala|Madia anomala]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Ray cypselae black, purple, or mottled, compressed, dull or glossy
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems glandular-pubescent throughout; heads in racemiform, paniculiform, or spiciform arrays; involucres 6–16 mm; mostly coastal
|[[Madia sativa|Madia sativa]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems distally glandular-pubescent; heads in corymbiform, racemiform, or paniculiform arrays; involucres 5–10 mm; mostly away from immediate coast
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Lateral branches often surpassing main stems (in large plants); ray laminae 6–8 mm
|[[Madia citrigracilis|Madia citrigracilis]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Lateral branches seldom surpassing main stems; ray laminae 1.5–8 mm
|[[Madia gracilis|Madia gracilis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Madia
|author=Bruce G. Baldwin;John L. Strother
|authority=Molina
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;South America;Pacific Islands (Hawaii;probably introduced).
|reference=None
|publication title=Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili,
|publication year=1782
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_741.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae
|genus=Madia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae]]