View source for Crataegus iracunda

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Crataegus iracunda
|accepted_authority=Beadle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Biltmore Bot. Stud.
|place=1: 124. 1902
|year=1902
}}
|common_names=Passionate hawthorn
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Crataegus drymophila
|authority=Sargent
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. iracunda var. silvicola
|authority=E. J. Palmer
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae;Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae;Crataegus;Crataegus sect. Coccineae;Crataegus (sect. Coccineae) ser. Tenuifoliae;Crataegus iracunda
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Crataegus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Crataegus sect. Coccineae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>series</small>[[Crataegus (sect. Coccineae) ser. Tenuifoliae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Crataegus iracunda]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 562, 564, 569, 572, 573, 591
|treatment_page=page 563
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, 30–80 dm. <b>Stems</b>: twigs: new growth greenish, glabrous, 1-year old deep reddish brown, 2-years old grayer; thorns on twigs 2-years old blackish or dark gray, shiny, slender, 2.5–4 cm. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole length 40–50% blade, eglandular; blade ovate to ovate-deltate, 2–4(–5) cm, 1.2–1.4 times as long as wide, 40–60% mature size at anthesis, base broadly rounded to subtruncate or subcordate, lobes 4 per side, sinuses moderately shallow, lobe apex ca. 90 at tip, often less, margins serrate, teeth regular, 0.5–1 mm, with minute, caducous gland-tipped, veins 3 or 4(or 5) per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous except along veins, adaxial finely appressed-pubescent young. <b>Inflorescences</b> 4–10-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles few, ± linear. <b>Flowers</b> 12–15 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals 4–5 mm, margins ± entire or slightly glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers pink to purple; styles 3–5. <b>Pomes</b> orange to red, or blotched green, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam.; sepals spreading; pyrenes 3–5, dorsally grooved.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Open woodlands, brush, fencerows, cutovers
|elevation=20–300 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ga.;La.;Miss.;N.C.;S.C.;Va.
|discussion=<p><i>Crataegus iracunda</i> ranges from Louisiana to South Carolina and Georgia, and to Virginia, but only at low altitudes. Nearly all records of <i>C. iracunda</i> north of the listed distribution are referable to <i>C. macrosperma</i> or to various species in ser. Populneae.</p><!--
--><p>The distinguishing features of <i>Crataegus iracunda</i> are most evident when it is in flower. The species can be construed as a smaller, more southern, allopatric relative of <i>C. macrosperma</i> distinguished by smaller leaves (particularly at anthesis), more slender thorns, and harder, drier pomes. Its distribution is almost wholly to the south of or in Appalachia, at lower elevations than <i>C. macrosperma</i>. The nearest records of <i>C. macrosperma</i> to the Louisiana populations of <i>C. iracunda</i> are from the Arkansas Ozarks.</p><!--
--><p><i>Crataegus iracunda</i> has been confused with <i>C. gattingeri</i> (ser. Pruinosae) but is readily distinguished in flower by adaxial leaf pubescence, stamen number, and by lacking the usually attenuate terminal leaf lobes of the latter. However, in fruit, unless the filament bases can be counted, one is left with the less reliable feature of the terminal lobe shape. Confusion with the larger-leaved <i>C. populnea</i> (ser. Populneae) is perhaps possible, but the two species are essentially allopatric and their leaves differ markedly in size and texture.</p><!--
--><p>Earlier attempts to segregate varieties based on leaf size are not taken up here but may have merit as the relatively numerous Louisiana (<i>Crataegus</i> drymophila) form has much smaller leaves than North Carolina specimens.</p><!--
--><p>Variety brumalis (Ashe) Kruschke (<i>Crataegus</i> brumalis Ashe) with syntype material from near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a different entity. Compared to <i>C. iracunda</i>, it has larger and differently shaped (often more or less truncate-based) leaves, proportionately larger at anthesis, and adaxially subglabrous, conspicuously glandular petioles, and larger flowers. This taxon (as a variety of <i>C. iracunda</i>) is primarily responsible for the northwards extension of the range of the latter species. In fact, north of the Mason-Dixon line, most of the specimens attributed to C. brumalis seen by the author appear to be forms of <i>C. macrosperma</i>.</p>
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Crataegus iracunda
|authority=Beadle
|rank=species
|parent rank=series
|synonyms=Crataegus drymophila;C. iracunda var. silvicola
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Open woodlands, brush, fencerows, cutovers
|elevation=20–300 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ga.;La.;Miss.;N.C.;S.C.;Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Biltmore Bot. Stud.
|publication year=1902
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_954.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae
|genus=Crataegus
|section=Crataegus sect. Coccineae
|series=Crataegus (sect. Coccineae) ser. Tenuifoliae
|species=Crataegus iracunda
}}<!--

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