View source for Camassia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Camassia
|accepted_authority=Lindley
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Edwards’s Bot. Reg.
|place=18: plate 1486. 1832
|year=1832
}}
|common_names=Camas;quamash
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Camassia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Camassia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Shoshone name camas or quamash
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 20, 21, 58, 82, 308
|treatment_page=page 303
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from bulbs. <b>Bulbs</b> solitary or clustered, tunicate, ovoid to globose; tunic black or brown. <b>Leaves</b> basal, appearing whorled; blade linear, keeled. <b>Inflorescences</b> appearing terminal, racemose, bracteate; bracts sterile or subtending flowers, narrowly lanceolate. <b>Flowers</b> actinomorphic or zygomorphic; tepals 6, persistent, ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, distinct, violet, blue, or white, each 3–9-veined, lanceolate, ± twisted in drying; stamens 6; filaments inserted on receptacles at base of tepals, slender; anthers versatile, dehiscence introrse; ovary 3-locular, septal nectaries present, ovules 6–36; style filiform; stigma 3-lobed; pedicel spreading to incurving-erect in fruit. <b>Fruits</b> capsular, ovoid to ellipsoid or subglobose, dehiscence loculicidal. <b>Seeds</b> 6–36, lustrous black, obpyriform to ovoid-ellipsoid, 2–4 mm. <b>x</b> = 15.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America.
|discussion=<p>Species 6 (6 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Cmassia has been associated with other western North American genera of Liliaceae such as <i>Schoenolirion</i>, <i>Hastingsia</i>, and especially <i>Chlorogalum</i> (F. Speta 1998; M. Pfosser and F. Speta 1999), but recent molecular evidence (D. J. Bogler and B. B. Simpson 1996; M. F. Fay and M. W. Chase 1996) suggests that it may be related instead to the Agavaceae. Furthermore, the bimodal, 2n = 30 karyology of <i>Camassia</i> (A. Fernandez and J. R. Davina 1991) is similar to that of Agavaceae (D. Satô 1935) and not that of <i>Chlorogalum</i>.</p><!--
--><p><i>Camassia</i> bulbs have been an important food staple for native Americans, especially in the Pacific Northwest (G. R. Downing and L. S. Furniss 1968; N. J. Turner and H. V. Kuhnlein 1983), where bulbs were dug and traded on large encampment meadows. Similarity to the poisonous bulbs of <i>Zigadenus</i> (“death camas”) is a concern where ranges of the two genera overlap. Several <i>Camassia</i> species are cultivated and represent a major horticultural contribution from the native flora.</p><!--
--><p>Variation and intergradation of <i>C. angusta</i> and <i>C. scilloides</i> have been reviewed by T. A. Ranker and A. F. Schnabel (1986), as well as J. A. Steyermark (1961), R. O. Erickson (1941), and F. W. Gould (1942).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=gould1942a
|text=Gould, F. W. 1942. A systematic treatment of the genus Camassia Lindl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 28: 712–742.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ranker1986a
|text=Ranker, T. A. and A. F. Schnabel. 1986. Allozymic and morphological evidence for a progenitor-derivative species pair in Camassia (Liliaceae). Syst. Bot. 11: 433–445.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Tepals connivent over capsules after anthesis and deciduous as capsules develop, or withering separately.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Tepals mostly withering separately at base of capsules after anthesis, sometimes connivent over capsules, not deciduous.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Fruiting pedicels usually incurving-erect (often with capsules closely appressed to raceme axes); flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic [5 tepals curving upward, the 6th downward; usually (4–)10–35(–58) blooming simultaneously, except on few-flowered individuals]; tepals long-persistent on fruiting racemes.
|[[Camassia quamash|Camassia quamash]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Fruiting pedicels usually spreading-erect (capsules not appressed to raceme axes); flowers actinomorphic (usually 1–3 blooming simultaneously); tepals connivent over capsules after anthesis, deciduous as capsules develop.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules dull green, ovoid to ellipsoid, 10–25 mm; seeds 6–12 per locule; s British Columbia to c California.
|[[Camassia leichtlinii|Camassia leichtlinii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules shiny green, subglobose, 5–10 mm; seeds 2–5 per locule; sw Oregon.
|[[Camassia howellii|Camassia howellii]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Capsules subglobose or ovoid-ellipsoid; e Great Plains to Appalachians and Great Lakes to s United States.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Capsules ovoid or ellipsoid; s British Columbia, s Alberta, nw United States.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Inflorescences 19–47 cm, with 0–5 sterile bracts; fruiting pedicels mostly spreading-erect; capsules subglobose; flowering earlier than sympatric populations of Camassia angusta.
|[[Camassia scilloides|Camassia scilloides]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Inflorescences 27–87 cm, with 3–28 sterile bracts; fruiting pedicels mostly incurving-erect; capsules ovoid-ellipsoid; flowering later than sympatric populations of Camassia scilloides.
|[[Camassia angusta|Camassia angusta]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Bulbs usually clustered, ellipsoid, 2–7 cm diam.; leaves rarely fewer than 10, 2–5 cm wide; ne Oregon and adjacent Idaho.
|[[Camassia cusickii|Camassia cusickii]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Bulbs seldom clustered, globose, 1–5 cm diam.; leaves usually fewer than 10, 4–20 mm wide; widespread in Pacific Northwest.
|[[Camassia quamash|Camassia quamash]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Camassia
|author=Tom A. Ranker;Tim Hogan
|authority=Lindley
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Liliaceae
|distribution=North America.
|reference=gould1942a;ranker1986a
|publication title=Edwards’s Bot. Reg.
|publication year=1832
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_589.xml
|genus=Camassia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Liliaceae]]