View source for Arceuthobium americanum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Arceuthobium americanum
|accepted_authority=Nuttall ex Engelmann
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Boston J. Nat. Hist.
|place=6. 214. 1850
|year=1850
}}
|common_names=Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Razoumofskya americana
|authority=(Nuttall ex Engelmann) Kuntze
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Viscaceae;Arceuthobium;Arceuthobium americanum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Viscaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Arceuthobium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Arceuthobium americanum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 425
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>usually forming systemic witches' brooms, sometimes nonsystemic witches' brooms in secondary hosts. <b>Stems</b> yellowish to olive green; secondary branching whorled, branches 5–9(–30) cm, third internode 6–23 × 1–2 mm, dominant shoot 1–3 mm diam. at base. <b>Staminate</b> pedicels present. <b>Staminate</b> flowers radially symmetric, subglobose in bud, 2.2 mm diam.; petals 3(–4), same color as stems. <b>Berries</b> proximally olive green, distally yellowish to reddish brown, 3.5–4.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm. <b>Seeds</b> ellipsoid, 2.4 × 1.1 mm, endosperm green. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep.
|habitat=Coniferous forests, especially with jack or lodgepole pine.
|elevation=200–3400 m.
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Ont.;Sask.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>Meiosis occurs in August, with fruits maturing 16 months after pollination; seeds germinate in May.</p><!--
--><p>The principal hosts of <i>Arceuthobium americanum</i> are <i>Pinus contorta </i>var.<i> latifolia</i> in western North America, <i>P. contorta </i>var.<i> murrayana</i> in the Sierra <i>Nevada</i> and Cascade ranges of the western United States, and <i>P. banksiana</i> in western Canada. A study utilizing AFLPs (C. A. Jerome and B. A. Ford 2002) documented that the parasite exists as three genetic races that correspond to these host species. <i>Arceuthobium americanum</i> has the most extensive geographic range of any species of the genus, and can utilize other species as secondary hosts, including <i>P. albicaulis</i>, <i>P. flexilis</i>, <i>P. jeffreyi</i>, and <i>P. ponderosa</i>, as well as a number of rare hosts. Although young infections may be localized, <i>A. americanum</i> eventually forms massive systemic witches’ brooms. Interestingly, when parasitizing some secondary hosts, the brooms may become nonsystemic, possibly indicating partial breakdown of coordinated developmental pathways.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Arceuthobium americanum
|authority=Nuttall ex Engelmann
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Razoumofskya americana
|basionyms=
|family=Viscaceae
|phenology=Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep.
|habitat=Coniferous forests, especially with jack or lodgepole pine.
|elevation=200–3400 m.
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Ont.;Sask.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=Boston J. Nat. Hist.
|publication year=1850
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/eaa6e58056e40c9ef614d8f47aea294977a1a5e9/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_255.xml
|genus=Arceuthobium
|species=Arceuthobium americanum
}}<!--

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