View source for Viola pedunculata

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola pedunculata
|accepted_authority=Torrey & A. Gray
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. N. Amer.
|place=1: 141. 1838
|year=1838
}}
|common_names=California golden violet;Johnny-jump-up;wild pansy
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Viola pedunculata subsp. tenuifolia
|authority=M. S. Baker & J. C. Clausen
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola pedunculata
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola pedunculata]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 112, 118
|treatment_page=page 144
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–39 cm. <b>Stems</b> 1–10+, decumbent, ascending, or erect, leafy proximally and distally, glabrous or puberulent, from shallow to deep-seated, enlarged rhizome with fleshy to subligneous roots. <b>Leaves</b> cauline; stipules ovate, linear-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, sometimes leaflike, margins entire or glandular-toothed, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 2.7–7.2 cm, usually finely puberulent, sometimes glabrate; blade deltate to ovate, 1–5.5 × 1–5.5 cm, base truncate, subcordate, or attenuate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces subglabrous or sparsely puberulent. <b>Peduncles</b> 2.9–20 cm, sparsely to densely puberulent. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–3 mm; petals golden yellow adaxially, upper 2 reddish brown abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–20 mm, spur dark reddish brown, gibbous, 2–4 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. <b>Capsules</b> ellipsoid, 5–11 mm, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> dark brown or black, shiny, 2.7 mm. <b>2n</b> = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Feb–Apr.
|habitat=Open, grassy coastal and inland slopes and hillsides, usually in full sun, chaparral, foothill and oak woodland
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=Calif.;Mexico (Baja California).
|discussion=<p>The stems of <i>Viola pedunculata</i> arise from an enlarged, subterranean, spongy or fibrous rhizome. Often, these rhizome structures are deep seated; it is unknown how they get so deeply buried. The anther appendages of <i>V. pedunculata</i> are hairy distally, a characteristic not known to occur in other members of the <i>V. purpurea</i> complex.</p><!--
--><p>Larvae of the federally listed Callippe silverspot butterfly [Speyeria callippe (Boisduval) callippe] feed only on <i>Viola pedunculata</i>.</p><!--
--><p>Plants with leaves reported to be smaller, thinner, deltate, mostly longer than wide, with yellow petals (versus orange for <i>Viola pedunculata</i> <i></i>var.<i> pedunculata</i>), style 2.1 mm (versus 2.9 mm for <i></i>var.<i> pedunculata</i>), from the Pinnacles region in San Benito County, California, have been called <i></i>subsp.<i> tenuifolia</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola pedunculata
|author=
|authority=Torrey & A. Gray
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Viola pedunculata subsp. tenuifolia
|basionyms=
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering Feb–Apr.
|habitat=Open, grassy coastal and inland slopes and hillsides, usually in full sun, chaparral, foothill and oak woodland
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=Calif.;Mexico (Baja California).
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. N. Amer.
|publication year=1838
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_251.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola pedunculata
}}<!--

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