View source for Chrysogonum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Chrysogonum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 920. 1753
|year=1753
}}{{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 391. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae;Chrysogonum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Chrysogonum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek chrysos, gold, and gonos, seed, apparently alluding to the bright yellow, hemispheric capitula or to the fertile cypselae from the cypsela-complexes of the ray florets
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 65
|treatment_page=page 74
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> 2–30(–50) cm (aerial stems from fibrous-rooted rhizomes to 5 cm). <b>Stems</b> erect to erect-ascending (flowering) or prostrate (vegetative stolons), branched from bases or ± throughout (villous). <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; opposite; petiolate; blades elliptic-ovate to deltate-ovate, bases cordate or truncate to cuneate, margins crenate, faces hairy. <b>Heads</b> radiate, borne singly or in pairs. <b>Involucres</b> cupulate-hemispheric, 7–10 mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent (outer), 8–10 in 2 series (outer spreading, oblong-oblanceolate, foliaceous, inner erect, greenish, smaller, ± scarious). <b>Receptacles</b> flat to shallowly convex, paleate (paleae oblanceolate, scarious). <b>Ray</b> florets 5(–6), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. <b>Disc</b> florets 25–50, functionally staminate; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than narrowly funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate. <b>Cypselae</b> (blackish brown) strongly obflattened, obovoid to obovate (each basally adnate to 1 inner phyllary, 3 paleae, and 3 disc florets, the “cypsela-complexes” falling as units); pappi persistent, coroniform (asymmetric). <b>x</b> = 16.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=e United States.
|discussion=<p>Species 1.</p><!--
--><p>Each cypsela-complex includes an elaiosome (a fleshy, oil-bearing structure at the base of the phyllary) and two associated paleae. Ants carry cypsela-complexes into their underground nests, chew off the elaiosomes, and return the undamaged cypselae or complexes to the surface.</p><!--
--><p><i>Chrysogonum virginianum</i> has been divided into two species (e.g., J. K. Small 1933) or treated as a single species with two varieties (e.g., A. E. Radford et al. 1968; T. F. Stuessy 1977). Stuessy mapped many intermediates between two varieties, not only in the area of North Carolina and South Carolina where their ranges meet, but also practically throughout both their ranges. G. L. Nesom (2001) found three allopatric taxa, separated primarily by habit (production or not of stolons) and morphology of flowering stems. Plants treated here as <i>C. virginianum </i>var.<i> australe</i> might justifiably be treated at specific rank.</p><!--
--><p>All three taxa of <i>Chrysogonum</i> are now used as garden plants and are sold in nurseries under horticultural names.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=nesom2001b
|text=Nesom, G. L. 2001. Taxonomic review of Chrysogonum (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Sida 19: 811–820.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=stuessy1977b
|text=Stuessy, T. F. 1977. Revision of Chrysogonum (Compositae, Heliantheae). Rhodora 79: 190–202.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Chrysogonum
|author=Guy L. Nesom
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Linny Heagy
|distribution=e United States.
|reference=nesom2001b;stuessy1977b
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_161.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae
|genus=Chrysogonum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]